Notes on Criminal Procedure Code

   {Inan\ PpUojydn ]co£bv¡v X¿msdSp¡p¶ dh\yq Poh\¡mÀ¡v thണ്ട ­n X¿mdm¡nbXmWv Cu Ipdn¸vv.  CXv B[nImcnI tcJbà   B[nImcnI hnhc§Ä¡v Zbhmbn {Inan\ \S]Sn \nbakwlnXþ1973 (1974 se 2þ m w \¼À BIvS)v ]cntim[n¡pI

                                                                       

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 

                                                     prepared by:

            Lalith Babu

       Palakkad

                       Phone : 9446531632

{Inan\Â \S]Sn \nbakwlnXþ1973

                                                                             

\nba§sf knhn \nba§Ä F¶pw {Inan\ \nba§Ä F¶pw Xcw Xncnbv¡mhp¶XmWv. .  Ch Hmtcm¶ns\bpw ho­ണ്ട pw substantive Law F¶pw Procedural Law F¶pw Xncnbv¡mw. . hyànIfpsS AhImi§sfbpw ISaIsfbpw Ipdn¨v {]Xn]mZn¡p¶XmWv substantive Law.  C³Uy³ in£m \nbaw (IPC)   CXn\v Hcp DZmlcWamWv.  hyànIfpsS AhImi§fpw ISaIfpw Øm]ns¨Sp¡p¶Xn\v tImSXn, t]meokv XpS§nb A[nImc Øm]\§Ä ]ment¡ണ്ട ­ \S]Sn{Ia§sf¡pdn¨mWv Procedural Law  {]Xn]mZn¡p¶Xv.   {Inan\ \S]Sn \nba kwlnX(Cr.PC), sXfnhv \nbaw (Evidence Act) F¶nhsbÃmw   Procedural Law BWv.   

{Inan\ \nba§Ä F¶mse´v ?

          GsX¦nepw Hcp \nba¯n Ipäambn \nÀÆNn¡s¸SpIbpw AXn\pff in£ \nÀt±in¡s¸SpIbpw sNbvXn«pff sXäpIsfbmWv (wrong)  Ipä§Ä (offence) F¶p ]dbp¶Xv. kam[m\]camb kmaqlyPohnXw km[yam¡p¶Xn\mbn Nne {]hÀ¯nIsf XStb­Xp­ണ്ട v. C{]Imcw XStbണ്ട ­ {]hÀ¯nIsfbmWv Ipä§fmbn  \nÀÆNn¨nc¡p¶Xv.  F´p sNbvXmemWv Asæn sN¿mXncp¶memWv AsXmcp IpäamhpIsb¶pw AXn\pff in£ F´msW¶pw hnhcn¡p¶ \nba§sf {Inan\ \nba§Ä F¶p ]db¶p.

knhn \nba§Ä

Ipä§fmbn \nÀhNn¨n«nÃm¯ sXäpIÄ¡pff {]Xnhn[nbmWv knhn \nba§fnepffXv. Hcp hkvXphnsâ t]cn cണ്ട ­v hyànIÄ X½n AhImi XÀ¡ap­mbm AsXmcp knhn XÀ¡amWv AXn kÀ¡mcn\v XmÂ]cyanÃ.  F¶m GsX¦nepw BÄs¡Xnsc amcIamb Hcp A{Iaw \S¶m A{Ia¯n\v hnt[b\mb BÄt¡m BfpsS _Ôp¡Ä¡v ]cmXn Csænepw kÀ¡mcn\v ]cmXnbpണ്ട ­v. ImcWw C¯cw A{Ia§Ä BhÀ¯n¡s¸Sm³ ]mSnà F¶XpsIm­ണ്ട ണ് mWXv.

{Inan\Â \S]Sn \nba kwlnXbpsS (Cr.P.C) Dt±iyw

\½psS cmPy¯v {Inan\ \nbaw \S¸nem¡p¶Xn\mbn«pff sa¡m\nkamWv {Inan\ \S]Sn \nba kwlnX. IpäIrXyw \S¯nb hyàn¡v F§s\ in£ \ÂImw F¶v {Inan\ \S]Sn \nba kwlnXbn {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p.

.  DZmlcW¯n\v sIme]mXIw F¶ IpäIrXys¯¡pdn¨v  C´y³ in£m \nba¯n {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p. sIme]mXIw \S¯nbmÄ¡v \ÂtI­ണ്ട  in£sb¡pdn¨pw sF.]n.kn.bnep­ണ്ട v..  F¶m Ipähmfnsb¶p kwibn¡p¶bmsf I­p]nSn¡pI,  sXfnhpIÄ tiJcn¡pI, {]Xn IpähmfnbmtWm \nc]cm[nbmtWm F¶v sXfnbn¡pI, IpähmfnbmsW¶p Is­¯nbm in£ hn[n¡pI XpS§n t]meokv, tImSXn,  XpS§nb A[nImcØm]\§Ä  Fs´Ãmw \S]Sn{Ia§Ä ]men¡Ww, {]Xnbv¡v \nba]cambn Fs´¦nepw  AhImi§Ä e`yamtWm, F¶n§s\bpff \S]Sn{Ia§Ä {Inan\ \S]Sn \nba¯nse hyhØIfpsS ASnØm\¯nemWv \S¸nem¡p¶Xv.  sF.]n.kn.bnepw AXpt]msebpff aäv \nba§fnepw ]dbp¶ Ipä§Ä hnNmcW sNbvXv {]XnIsf in£n¡p¶Xv {Inan\ \S]Sn\nba kwlnXbv¡v .(Cr.P.C)  hnt[bambn«mWv.

P½p ImivaoÀ HgnsIbpff C³UybpsS FÃm `mK§fnepw  {Inan\ \S]Sn \nbaw {]m_ey¯nep­ണ്ട v.  ]mÀesaâv ]mÊm¡nb Cu \nba¯n 484 sk£\pIfpw 2 sjUyqfpIfpamWpffXv

]mÀesaâv ]mÊm¡nbXmsW¦nepw `cWLS\bpsS hyhØIÄ¡v hnt[bambn kwØm\ \nba\nÀ½mW k`bv¡v {Inan\ \S]Sn \nba¯nse hyhØIÄ ]p\cp²oIcn¡mhp¶XmWv.  Ipä§Ä (offence) F¶mse´v ? 

kaqlw \nba]cambn sXäpIfmbn IW¡m¡nb Imcy§Ä Bsc¦nepw sN¿pItbm \nba]cambn HcmÄ sNbvXncnt¡­Xmbn«pffXmsW¶v kaqlw IcpXnbn«pff Imcy§Ä Bsc¦nepw sN¿mXncn¡pt¼mtgm AbmÄ Ipäw sNbvXXmbn IW¡m¡p¶p. kaqlw Ipä§Ä X¿mdm¡p¶p. IpähmfnIÄ AXv sN¿p¶p F¶v kma\yambn ]dbmhp¶XmWv.

Hcp IpäIrXy¯nsâ hnhn[ L«§Ä

1.         Ipäw sN¿m\pff hmk\ (Mens rea)

2.        X¿msdSp¸v (Preparation)

3.        {iaw (Attempt)

4.        IpäIrXyw \S¯Â (Commission)

5.        ]cmXn (Complaint)

6.        C³shÌntKj³

7.        AdÌv/samgn/skÀ¨v/തൊണ്ടി

8.        Ipä]{Xw \ÂIÂ (Charge)

9.        UnkvNmÀÖv

10.      hnNmcW (Trail)

11.       in£n¡Â/shdpsX hnSÂ (Acqittal)

12.      A¸oÂ/dnhnj³/dnhyq

13.      in£ \S¸m¡Â (Execution)

Ipä§sf aq¶mbn Xncn¨ncn¡p¶p. (Classification of offences  )

1. a\pjyicoc¯ns\Xnscbpff Ipä§Ä
2. kz¯ns\Xnscbpff Ipä§Ä
3. Ch c­ണ്ട pw k½n{iambn«pff Ipä§Ä

F´v sNbvXmemWv AYhm sN¿mXncp¶memWv AsXmcp IpäamIpIsb¶pw AXn\pff in£ F´msW¶pw F{XbmsW¶pw hnhcn¡p¶ \nba§Ä {Inan\ \nba§Ä F¶dnbs¸Sp¶p.  A{Ia§Ä¡v hnt[b\mIp¶Xv GsX¦nepw hyànbmsW¦nepw B A{Ia§fn A´À`hn¨ncn¡p¶Xv kaql¯nsâ `{ZXbvs¡Xncmb `ojWnbmWv.  \jvS]cnlmcw hgn Nnet¸mÄ t{Zml¯n\ncbmhÀ kam[m\s¸t«¡mw. F¶m kaql¯nsâ kpc£ GsäSp¯ncn¡p¶ tÌäv AXpsImണ്ട ­v Xr]vXns¸Sp¶nÃ.  Ipäw sN¿p¶hs\ in£nt¡­Xണ്ട v tÌänsâ IÀ¯hyamIp¶p.

A]cm[w (Crime)  

Hcp {]hÀ¯n \S¯pt¼mtgm Asæn \S¯m³ \nba]cambn _m[yXbpff Hcp {]hÀ¯n \S¯mXncn¡pt¼mtgm \nehnepff \nbaa\pkcn¨v in£ e`nbv¡p¶psh¦n A¯cw {]hÀ¯nsb Crime F¶p ]dbp¶p. Hcp ZpjvS e£yt¯msS sN¿s¸Sp¶ tamis¸« {]hÀ¯nsb sXäv F¶p s]mXpth ]dbmw

{Ian\Â \S]Sn \nbakwlnX {]Imcw IpäIrXy§sf F{Xbmbn Xncn¨ncn¡p¶p ?

{Ian\Â \S]Sn \nbakwlnX {]Imcw IpäIrXy§sf s]mXpth  \membn Xncn¨ncn¡p¶p. Ah :

1. Pmayw e`nbv¡mhp¶ IpäIrXy§Ä( Bailable offence)

{Ian\ \S]Sn \nbakwlnXbnse sk£³ 2(F) bnemWv Pmayw e`nbv¡mhp¶ IpäIrXy§sf¡pdn¨v {]Xn]mZn¡p¶Xv. \nbakwlnXbnse H¶mw ]«nIbn sImSp¯n«pfftXm \nehnepff atäsX¦nepw \nba¯n ]dbp¶tXm Bb IpäIrXy§fmWnXv. XmcXtay\ Kuchw Ipdª IpäIrXy§fmWnXv. Cu IpäIrXy§Ä sNbvXXmbn Btcm]n¡s¸« hyàn¡v Pmayw e`nbv¡pI F¶pffXv IpähmfnbpsS AhImiamWv. {Ian\ \S]Sn \nbakwlnXbnse H¶mw ]«nIbn sImSp¯ncn¡p¶ Ipä§Ä AhbpsS Kucha\pkcn¨v  Pmayw e`nbv¡mhp¶Xv, e`nbv¡m¯h F¶n§s\ Xcw Xncn¨ncn¡p¶p. Pmayw \ÂIpIbmsW¦n AXn\pff  hyhØIsf¡pdn¨v sk£³ 436  {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p.

2. Pmayw e`nb¡m¯ IpäIrXy§Ä ( Non Bailable offence)

Pmayw e`nbv¡m¯ IpäIrXy§sf¡pdn¨pw {Ian\ \S]Sn \nbakwlnXbnse sk£³ 2(F) bn Xs¶bmWvv {]Xn]mZn¡p¶Xv. Pmayw e`nb¡m¯ IpäIrXy§Ä sNbvXbmÄ¡v Pmayw \ÂIp¶Xv tImSXnbpsS hnthN\m[nImc¯n s]S¶p. \nbakwlnXbnse H¶mw ]«nIbn sImSp¯n«pfftXm \nehnepff atäsX¦nepw \nba¯n ]dbp¶tXm Bb IpäIrXy§fmWnXv. Kuchw IqSnb IpäIrXy§fmWnXv. Cu tIkpIfn Pmayw \ÂImhp¶ hyhØIsf¡pdn¨v sk£³ 437  {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p.

3. sImssákn_nÄ IpäIrXy§Ä

{Inan\ \S]Sn \nba kwlnXbnse H¶mw sjUyqfntem Asæn \nba{]m_eyapff aäp \nb§fntem sImSp¯n«pffXpw t]meokn\v hmdânÃmsX Xs¶ AdÌv sN¿mhp¶Xpamb IpäIrXy§sfbmWv  sImKvss\kn_nÄ IpäIrXy§Ä F¶v ]dbp¶Xv.  sImKvss#s\kn_nÄ IpäIrXy§Ä sImssákn_nÄ IpäIrXy§Ä \S¶m AXv F{]ImcamWv tcJs¸Spt¯­Xv  F¶v  {Inan\ \S]Sn \nba¯nse sk£³ 154  {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p 

       

4. t\m¬ sImssákn_nÄ IpäIrXyw

IpäIrXyw sNbvXbmsf t]meokn\v hmdtâmSp IqSn am{Xw  AdÌv sN¿mhp¶ Xc¯nepff  IpäIrXyÄ¡v t\m¬ sImKvss#s\kn_nÄ IpäIrXy§Ä F¶p ]dbp¶p.

IpäIrXy§Ä \S¶m F{]ImcamWv t]meokv \S]SnIÄ kzoIcn¡p¶Xv ?

Hcp A{Iakw`hw D­mbm AXn\v hnt[b\mb Btfm Asæn aämsc¦neptam t]meokv tÌj\n lmPcmbn A{Ia kw`hs¯¡pdn¨pff hnhcw t]meokn Adnbn¡p¶tXmSpIqSn {Inan\ \nba\S]Sn Bcw`n¡p¶p.  km[mcWbmbn A{Iakw`hw \S¶m AXn\v hnt[b\mb Bfmbncn¡pw t]meokn ]cmXns¸Sp¶Xv Nnet¸mÄ AbmÄ¡pth­n aämsc¦neptam B Imcy§sf¡pdn¨v {]mYanIamb Adnhv en¨bmtfm t]meokv tÌj\n ]cmXn kaÀ¸n¡p¶p.  sImssákn_nÄ Xc¯nepfftXm t\m¬ sImssákn_n Xc¯nepfftXm BImw tIkv.

        sImssákn_nÄ Xc¯nepfftXm t\m¬ sImssákn_n Xc¯nepfftXm Akzm`mhnI acWs¯¡pdn¨pfftXm Bb  Ipä¯nsâ \S]Sn{Ia§fn t]meokv kzoIcnt¡­ \S]Sn{Ia§sf¡pdn¨v {Inan\ \S]Sn \nba¯nse sk£³ 154 apX 176 hsc {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p. 

1. sImssákn_nÄ IpäIrXy§Ä \S¶ hnhc§Ä hm¡mtem tcJmaqetam  

       t]meokns\ Adnbn¡mhp¶XmWv

2. sImssákn_nÄ IpäIrXy§Ä \S¶ hnhcw hm¡m t]meokns\ Adnbn¨m tÌjsâ NmÀÖpff Hm^okÀ AXv FgpXnsbSpt¡­XmWv.
3. FgpXnsbSp¯ Imcy§Ä hmbn¨p tIĸn¨tijw t]meokv hnhcw Adnbn¨bmfpsS H¸v hm§nbncnt¡­XmWv.
4. AXnse Imcy§Ä t]meokv tÌj\n kq£n¨n«pff P\d Ubdnbntem tÌj³ Ubdnbntem FgptX­XmWv.
5. F^.sF.Bdnsâ Hcp ]IÀ¸v hnhc§Ä X¶bmÄ¡v kuP\yambn \ÂtI­XmWv.

hnhc§Ä tcJs¸Sp¯m³ t]meokv hnʽXn¡p¶ ]£w AXv cPnkvt{SUv t]mÌv aptJ\ t]eokv kq{]­n\v Ab¨psImSp¡mhp¶XmWv. C{]Icmw cPnkvt{SUmbn e`n¨ dnt¸mÀ«n hmkvXhaps­¶v tXm¶p¶ ]£w kq{]­n\v kzbtam Asæn Xsâ Iognepff t]meokv Hm^oktdmsSm At\zjWw \S¯m³ Bhibs¸Smhp¶XmWv.

{Inan\Â tImSXnIÄ

(sk£³ 6)

{Inan\ \S]Sn \nba kwlnXbn {Inan\ tImSXn F¶ kwÚ \nbXambn \nÀÆNn¡s¸«n«nÃ. \nam\pkrXambn A[nImcw ssIImcyw sN¿p¶ "PUvP"v "aPnkvt{S«"v F¶nhsc tImSXn F¶ ]Z¯n DÄs¸Sp¯nbncn¡p¶p. sslt¡mSXnIÄ¡pw atäsX¦nepw \nba¯n³ Iogn kwhn[m\w sNbvXn«pff tImSXnIÄ¡pw ]pdsa  Hmtcm kwØm\¯n\pw Xmsg ]dbp¶ {Inan\ tImSXnIÄ D­mbncn¡p¶XmWv.

1. skj³kv tImSXnIÄ  (Cr.PC sk£³ 9(1) )
2. H¶mw Ivfmkv aPnkvt{S«v tImSXnIÄ (Cr.PC sk£³ 9(1) )
3. No^v PpUojy aPnkvt{S«v tImSXnIÄ (Cr.PC sk£³ 9(1) )
4. AUojW No^v PpUojy aPnkvt{S«v tImSXnIÄ (Cr.PC sk£³ 9(1) )
5. c­mw Ivfmkv aPnkvt{S«v tImSXnIÄ (Cr.PC sk£³ 9(1) )
6. FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«vamÀ (Cr.PC sk£³ 20 )

(PnÃm aPnkvt{S«v, k_v UnhnjW aPnkvt{S«v, FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«v F¶nhÀ aäp `cW]camb A[nImc \nÀÆlWt¯msSm¸w {Inan\ \S]Sn \nba kwlnX A\pimkn¡p¶  NpaXem[nImcw IqSn  \nÀÆln¡p¶hcmWv. AXn\m Hcp ]cn[nhsc A¯cw tImSXnIsfbpw {Inan\ tImSXnIfn DÄs]Sp¯mhp¶XmWv.)

kp{]ow tImSXn

C³Uybnse ]ctam¶X \oXn]oTamWv kp{]owtImSXn. 1950 P\phcn 28 \mWv kp{]ow tImSXn \nehn h¶Xv.  `cWLS\bnse 124 mw hIp¸n kp{]ow tImSXnsb¡pdn¨v {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p.  Hcp No^v PÌnkpw 25 PUvPnamcpw AS§p¶XmW kp{]owtImSXn.  `cWLS\m XXz§Ä, auenImhImi§Ä, P\m[n]Xyaqey§Ä F¶nhbpsS ImhÂamemJbmbn kp{]owtImSXn.  {]hÀ¯n¨phcp¶p.  auenImhImi§fpsS kwc£WamWv kp{]owtImSXnbpsS Gähpw {][m\s¸« IÀ¯hyw. kp{]ow tImSXn  {]Jym]n¡p¶ \nbaw C³Uybnse FÃm tImSXnIsfbpw _m[n¡p¶Xmbncn¡psa¶v A\ptÑZw 141  ]dbp¶p. kp{]ow tImSXnbpsS Xocpam\w atäsX¦nepw tImSXnbn tNmZyw sN¿m³ ]mSnÃ. kwØm\§fpw ]mÀesaâpw ]mÊm¡p¶ \nba§fpsS `cWLS\m km[pX Xocpam\n¡p¶Xv kp{]otImSXnbmWv.

sslt¡mSXn

       `cWLS\bpsS 214 mw A\ptÑZa\pkcn¨v  Øm]nXambn«pffXmWv sslt¡mSXn..  Hcp No^vPÌnkpw ImemIme§fn \nban¡p¶nSt¯mfw PUvPnamcpw sslt¡mSXnbnep­mbncn¡pw.  Hcp sslt¡mSXnbpsS hn[nbnse \nba§Ä B sslt¡mSXnbpsS A[nImcmXnÀ¯nbnepff {]tZi§fnse tImSXnIÄ \nÀ_Ôambpw A\pkcn¡Ww.  dn«pIÄ ]pds¸Sphn¡m\pff A[nImcw kp{]ow tImSXnbv¡v ]pdsa sslt¡mSXnbv¡pap­v.  `cWLS\ 215 mw A\ptÑZa\pkcn¨v sslt¡mSXn tImÀ«v Hm^v sd¡mÀUv BWv.  AXmbXv B tImSXnbnse tcJIÄ aäp \S]Sn{Ia§Ä IqSmsXXs¶ sXfnhn kznImcyamWv.  IqSmsX sslt¡mSXnbpsS A[nImcs¯ Ahtlfn¡p¶ tImÀ«e£yt¡kpIÄ B tImSXnbv¡v Xs¶ hnNmcW sNbvXv in£n¡mhp¶XpamWv. tImSXnbpsS `cW]camb Imcy§Ä \nb{´n¡p¶Xn\pff N«§Ä D­m¡p¶Xv sslt¡mSXnbmWv. \nbak`m sXcsªSp¸pIsf kw_Ôn¨pw auenImhImi§sf kw_Ôn¨papff  tIkpIÄ ]cnKWn¡phm³ sslt¡mSXnIÄ¡v A[nImcap­v.

skj³kv tImSXnIÄ

(sk£³ 9(1) )

skj³kv tImSXnIÄ {]hÀ¯n¡p¶Xv Hcp dh\yq PnÃbntem H¶ne[nIw PnÃIfpsS hnhn[ `mK§Ä tNÀ¶ {]tZit¯m Bbncn¡pw.  kwØm\ kÀ¡mcmWv skj³kv Unhnj³ Xocpam\n¨v skj³kv tImSXn Øm]n¡p¶Xv. {]mtZinIamb A[nImc]cn[nIÄ sslt¡mSXnbpambn BtemNn¨v kwØm\ kÀ¡mcn\v amämhp¶XmWv. skj³kv tImSXnbpsS A²y£s\ \nban¡m\pff A[nImcw sslt¡mSXnbv¡v#mWv.  sslt¡mSXnbpsS ip]mÀib\pkcn¨mWv skj³kv PUvPnsb \nban¡p¶Xv. knhn tImSXnbnse PnÃm PUvPv Xs¶bmWv skj³kv PUvPnbpw AXpsIm­v skj³kv PUvPnsb Unkv{SnIvSv Bâv skj³kv PUvPv (District and sessions Judge ) F¶p ]dbp¶Xv.

skj³k tImSXnbpsS BØm\w sslt¡mSXn \nÝbn¡p¶ Øe¯mbncn¡pw. skj³kv tImSXnbn AUojW skj³kv PUvPnbpw AknÌâv skj³kv PUvPnbpw D­mbncn¡pw. knhn tImSXnbn  tIkpIÄ ssIImcyw sN¿p¶ k_vPUvPnamÀ Xs¶bmWv AknÌâv skj³kv PUvPn F¶ Øm\w hln¡p¶Xv.

No^v PpUojy aPnkt{S«v tImSXnIÄ (Cr.PC sk£³ 9(1) )

Ggp hÀjw hsc XShv in£bpw ]cn[nbnÃmsX ]ng in£bpw  \ÂIm³ No^v PpUojy aPnkvt{S«v\v A[nImcap­v. sslt¡mSXnbpsS \nb{´W¯n\v hnt[bambn PnÃbnse {Inan\ tImSXnIfpsS AUnan\nkvt{Sjsâ t\XrXzw hln¡p¶Xv. No^v PpUojy aPnkvt{S«v BWv. 

H¶mw Ivfmkv PpUojy aPnkt{S«v

{Inan\ \S]Sn \nba kwlnXbn H¶mw ]«nIbn sImSp¯ncn¡p¶ tIkpIÄ hnNmcW \S¯p¶Xv H¶mw Ivfmkv PpUojy aPnkvt{S«v BWv. IqSmsX s\tKmjy_nÄ C³kv{Ssaâv BIvSv, t^mdÌv BIvSv, `£yhkvXp¡fn ambw tNÀ¡p¶Xv XSbp¶ BIvSv, tamt«mÀ shln¡Ä BIvSv XpSn§nb \nba§Ä kw_Ôn¨pff tIkpIfpw H¶mw Ivfmkv PpUojy aPnkvt{S«v hnNmcW sN¿p¶p. aq¶p hÀjw hsc XShv in£bpw5000 cq] hsc ]ng in£ \ÂIm\pw Ggp hÀjw hsc XShv in£bpw ]cn[nbnÃmsX ]ng in£ \ÂIm\pw H¶mw Ivfmkv PpUojy aPnkvt{S«v\v A[nImcap­v..

alm\Kc aPnkvt{S«v (Metropolitian Magistrate)

]¯p e£¯ntesd P\kwJybpff \KcamWv sat{Sms]mfoj³ \Kcsa¶dnbs¸Sp¶Xv. _Ôs¸« kwØm\ kÀ¡mcmWv Hcp \Kc¯n\v C{]Imcapff ]Zhn \ÂIp¶Xv  sat{Smt]mfnjy³ aPnkvt{S«ns\ \nban¡p¶Xv sslt¡mSXnbmWv. Hcp No^v sat{Smt]mfojy³ aPnkvt{S«pw AUojW sat{Smt]mfojy³ aPnkvt{S«pw D­mbncn¡pw.  aPnkvt{S«pw AUojW sat{Smt]mfojy³ aPnkvt{S«pw skj³ PUvPnbpsS Iognembncn¡pw.

FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«v (Excecutive Magistrate) ( sk£³ 20 (1) )

       kam[m\ ewL\w Dണ്ട­mIphm\nSbpsണ്ട­¶pff Adnhp e`n¨pIgnªm AXv XSbm\mbn kXzc \S]SnIÄ kzoIcnt¡­Xpണ്ട ­v. A¯cw kµÀ`§fn \nbam\pkcWw sXfnhpIsfSp¯v \oXn]qÀÆIamb Hcp \nKa\¯nse¯n \S]SnIÄ kzoIcn¡pI F¶pffXv {]mtbmKnIaÃ.  s]mXpP\§Ä¡v D]{Zhap­ണ്ടmIp¶ {]hÀ¯nIÄ F{Xbpw s]s«¶v XStb­Xpണ്ട ­v.  Cu \S]SnIÄ¡v Excecutive Function F¶p ]dbp¶p.  C¯cw \S]SnIÄ kznIcn¡p¶Xn\v NpaXebpff aPnkvt{S«mWv FIvknIyq«ohv aPnt{Ì«v

        ap³Ime§fn FIvknIyq«ohv A[nImchpw PpUojy A[nImchpw Hcmfn Xs¶ \n£n]Xambncp¶p. 1955  CXv hn`Pn¨p. 1973  {Inan\ t{]mkoUyÀ tImUv t`ZKXn sNbvXt¸mÄ Cu hn`P\w ]qÀ¯nbmbn. FIvknIyq«ohnsâ kzm[o\w CÃmsX PpUojydn kzX{´ambn {]hÀ¯n¡p¶Xn\mbn hgnsbmcp¡pI F¶ e£yambncp¶p Cu hn`P\¯n\v ]n¶nÂ. A{]Imcw PpUojy aPnkvt{S«pw sat{Sms]mfojy³ aPnkvt{S«pw sslt¡mSXnbpsS \nb{´W¯nepw FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«v kwØm\ kÀ¡mcntâ \nb{´W¯nepambn.

 PnÃm aPnkvt{S«v, k_v UnhnjW aPnkvt{S«v, FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«v F¶nhÀ aäp `cW]camb A[nImc \nÀÆlWt¯msSm¸w {Inan\ \S]Sn \nba kwlnX A\pimkn¡p¶  NpaXem[nImcw IqSn  \nÀÆln¡p¶hcmWv. AXn\m Hcp ]cn[nhsc A¯cw tImSXnIsfbpw {Inan\ tImSXnIfpsS ]cn[nbn s]Sp¯mhp¶XmWv.

PnÃm aPnkvt{S«v ( sk£³ 20 (1)

PnÃIfn Bhiy¯n\v FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«pamsc \nban¡p¶Xn\v {Inan\ s{]mknPnbÀ tImUnse sk£³ 20 (1) kwØm\ kÀ¡mcn\v A[nImcw \ÂIp¶p. C§s\ \nban¡s¸Sp¶ FIvknIyq«ohv aPntÌ«vamcn Hcmsf PnÃm aPnkvt{S«mbv \nban¡p¶p. PnÃm aPnkvt{S«mbn PnÃm IeIvSsdbmWv \nban¡p¶Xv.

  Hcmsf sk£³ 20 (2) {]Imcw  AUoj\Â PnÃm aPnkvt{S«mbpw \nban¡mhp¶XmWv. PnÃm aPnkvt{S«mbn PnÃm IeIvSsdbpw AUojWÂ PnÃm aPnkvt{S«mbn sU]yq«n IeIvSÀ P\dens\bpamWv \nban¡pI ]Xnhv.    IqSmsX sk£³ 20(4) {]Imcw k_vUnhnjWÂ aPnkvt{S«pamscbpw \nban¡p¶p.  sU]yq«n IeIvSÀamcmWv k_vUnhnjWÂ aPnkvt{S«vamcmbn \nban¡s¸Sp¶Xv.   ChÀ BÀ.Un.H. F¶dnbs¸Sp¶p.

AUojWÂ PnÃm aPnkvt{S«v   (sk£³ 20 (2) )

PnÃIfn Bhiy¯n\v FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«pamsc \nban¡p¶Xn\v {Inan\ s{]mknPnbÀ tImUnse sk£³ 20 (1) kwØm\ kÀ¡mcn\v A[nImcw \ÂIp¶p. C§s\ \nban¡s¸Sp¶ FIvknIyq«ohv aPntÌ«vamcn Hcmsf  sk£³ 20 (2) {]Imcw  AUoj\ PnÃm aPnkvt{S«mbpw \nban¡mhp¶XmWv. sU]yq«n IeIvSÀ P\dens\bpamWv AUoj\ PnÃm aPnkvt{S«mbn \nban¡p¶Xv

k_v UnhnjWÂ aPnkvt{S«v (sk£³ 20 (4) )

GsX¦nepw FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«ns\ Hcp k_v Unhnjsâ NmÀÖv \ÂIn k_v UnhnjW aPnkvt{S«mbn \nba¡p¶Xn\v sk£³ sk£³ 20 (4)  kwØm\ kÀ¡mcn\v A[nImcw \ÂIp¶p.

kvs]jy FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«v ( sk£³ 21 ) kwØm\ kÀ¡mcn\v Nne {]tXyI kmlNcy§Ä ]cnKWn¨vsIm­v Nne {]tXyI Øe§fn FIvknIyq«nhv aPnkvt{S«nsâ NpXeIÄ \nÀÆln¡p¶Xn\mbn kvs]jy FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«ns\ \nban¡mhp¶XmWv.

]_vfnIv t{]mknIyq«À sk£³ 24(2)

IpäIrXyw F¶ sXäpIÄ sN¿s¸Sp¶Xv  Hcp hyànbvs¡Xncmbn«msW¦nepw AXv kaql¯n\pw FXncmbn«pffXmWv F¶mWv IW¡m¡s¸Sp¶Xv.  A\n IpäIrXyw XSbp¶Xn\pw Ipähmfnsb in£n¡p¶Xpw tÌänsâ {][m\ NpaXebmWv. CXnsâ `mKambn t{]mknIyqj³ \S]SnIÄ¡mbn tÌäv \nban¡p¶ \nbaÚscbmWv ]_vfnIvt{]mknIyq«ÀamÀ F¶p ]dbp¶Xv.

tI{µ kÀ¡mcnt\m kwØm\ kÀ¡mcnt\m sslt¡mSXnbpambn BtemNn¨v kÀ¡mcn\pth­n tIkpIÄ \S¯p¶Xn\pth­n Hmtcm sslt¡mSXnbnepw Hcp ]_vfnIv t{]mknIyq«sdbpw Ht¶m AXn IqSpXtem AUojW ]_vfnIv t{]mknIyq«sd \nban¡mhp¶XmsW¶v sk£³ 24(1)  {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p.

Hmtcm PnÃbv¡pw Hcp ]_vfnIv t{]mknIyq«sdbpw Ht¶m AXn IqSpXtem AUojW ]_vfnIv t{]mknIyq«sd \nban¡mhp¶XmsW¶v sk£³ 24(2)  {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p. ]_vfnIv t{]mknIyq«dmIm³ tbmKyXbpffhcpsS Hcp ]m\ skj³kv PUvPnbpambn BtemNn¨v PnÃm aPnkvt{S«v X¿mdm¡p¶p. h¡oembn Ggp hÀjs¯ {]mIvSokv DffhscbmWv Cu ]m\en DÄs¸Sp¯p¶Xv. B ]m\en \n¶mWv ]_vfnIvt{]mknIyq«sd kÀ¡mÀ \nban¡p¶Xv.

]_vfnIv t{]mknIyq«À¡pw AknÌâv ]_vfnIv t{]mknIyq«À¡pw tcJmaqeapff A\phmZanÃmsX Xs¶ tImSXnbn {Inan\ tIkpIÄ \S¯mw.

kvs]jy ]_vfnIv t{]mknIyq«À

tI{µ kÀ¡mcnt\m, kwØm\ kÀ¡mcnt\m GsX¦nepw tIknsâ Bhiy§Ä¡mbn ]¯phÀj¯n Ipdbm¯ Imew h¡oembn {]mIvSokv sNbvXn«pffbmsf kvs]jy ]_vfnIv t{]mknIyq«dmbn \nban¡mhp¶XmWv.

AknÌâv ]_vfnIv t{]mknIyq«À

Hmtcm PnÃbnsebpw aPnkvt{S«v tImSXnbn kÀ¡mcn\v th­n tIkv \S¯p¶Xn\mWv AknÌâv ]_vfnIv t{]mknIyq«Àamsc \nban¡p¶Xv. kÀ¡mcn\v Bhiym\pkcWw AknÌâv ]_vfnIv t{]mknIyq«Àamsc \nban¡msa¶v sk£³ 25(1)  {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p. AknÌâv ]_vfnIv t{]mknIyq«Àamsc \nban¡p¶Xv ]_vfnIv kÀÆokv I½oj³ hgnbmWv.

t{]mknIyqj³ UbdIvSÀ

kwØm\ kÀ¡mcn\v Hcp t{]mknIyqj³ UbdIvSsdbpw Bhiym\pkcWw t{]mknIyqj³ sU]yq«n UbdIvSÀamscbpw \nban¡mhp¶XmsW¶v sk£³ 25(1)F  {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p. sslt¡mSXn No^v PÌnkpambn BtemNn¨v kwØm\ kÀ¡mcmWv t{]mknIyqj³ UbdIvSsd \nban¡p¶Xv. ]¯phÀj¯n Ipdbm¯ Imew h¡oembn {]mIvSokv sNbvXn«pffhsc am{Xta t{]mknIyqj³ sU]yq«n UbdIvSÀamcmbn \nban¡pIbpffq.

hnhn[ tImSXnIfpw in£ hn[n¡m³ Ahbv¡pff A[nImc§fpw

tImSXn	A[nImcw
kp{]ow tImSXn	\nbaw A\pimkn¡p¶ GXp in£bpw hn[n¡m³ A[nImcapണ്ട ­v
sslt¡mSXn	\nbaw A\pimkn¡p¶ GXp in£bpw hn[n¡m³ A[nImcapണ്ട ­v
skj³kv tImSXn	\nbaw A\pimkn¡p¶ GXp in£bpw hn[n¡m³ A[nImcap­v. F¶m h[in£ hn[n¨m sslt¡mSXnbpsS A\paXn BhiyamWv
AknÌâv skj³kv tImSXn	10 hÀjw hsc XShpw ]ngbpw
No^v sat{Smt]mfojy³ aPnkvt{S«v & AUojWÂ sat{Smt]mfojy³ aPnkvt{S«	7 sImÃw hsc XShpw ]ngbpw
No^v PpUojy aPnkvt{S«v & AUojW No^v PpUojy aPnkvt{S«v	7 sImÃw hsc XShpw ]ngbpw
sat{Smt]mfojy³ aPnkvt{S«v	3 hÀjw hsc XShpw 5000 cq] hsc ]ngbpw
kvs]jy sat{Smt]mfojy³ aPnkvt{S«v	3 hÀjw hsc XShpw 5000 cq] hsc ]ngbpw
H¶mw Ivfmkv PpUojy aPnkvt{S«v	3 hÀjw hsc XShpw 5000 cq] hsc ]ngbpw

C³shÌntKj³.

Hcp {Inan\ tIknsâ \S]Sn{Ia§fpsS BZyL«amWv C³shÌntKj³. t]meokv tÌj\n F^v.sF.BÀ. cPnÌÀ sN¿p¶tXmsS C³shÌntKj³ Bcw`nbv¡p¶p. aPnkvt{S«n \n¶v adns¨mcp \nÀt±iw e`n¨n«nÃmsb¦n t]meokmWv km[mcWbmbn C³shÌntKj³ Bcw`n¡p¶Xv. t]meokv tÌjsâ NmÀÖpff t]meokv Hm^nkÀ IpäIrXyw \S¶Xmbn kwibn¡s¸Sp¶ Øew kµÀin¡pItbm AXn\mbn Xsâ Iogpt±ymKØsc NpXes¸Sp¯pItbm sN¿p¶p. kw`h Øe¯v \n¶v Bhiyamb sXfnhv FSp¡pIbpw Bhiyapff ]£w IpähmfnbpsS  AdÌpw \S¯p¶p. IpäIrXyw \S¶Xmbn Dd¸m¡pIbpw tIknsâ kmlNcy§Ä hnebncp¯pIbpamWv C³shÌntKjsâ BZyw L«¯n sN¿p¶Xv. FÃmhn[¯nepff sXfnhpIfpsS tiJcWhpw CXnÂs¸Sp¶p. IpähmfnbpÄs¸sSbpff hyànIsf tNmZyw sN¿pIbpw samgnsbSp¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p.  C³shÌntKj\pw hnNmcWbv¡pw Ipä]{Xw X¿mdm¡p¶Xn\pw  Bhiyamb hkvXp¡Ä Is­Sp¡m\mbn skÀ¨v \S¯p¶Xpw C³shÌntKjsâ `mKamWv. . XpSÀ¶v aPnkvt{S«n\v dnt¸mÀ«v kaÀ¸n¡p¶tXmsS t]meoknsâ C³shÌntKj³ Ahkm\nbv¡p¶p.

{Inan\ \S]Sn \nbaw kwlnXbv¡v hnt[bambn hnhn[ {]hÀ¯nIÄ \S¯m\mbn t]meokn\v  A[nImcw \ÂInbn«p­v. DZmlcWambn Ipähmfnsb AdÌv sN¿phm\pw kwibn¡s¸Sp¶ hyànIsf Is­¯p¶Xn\mbpw sXfnhpIÄ¡mbpw skÀ¨p \S¯m\pw \nbahncp²ambXpw IpäIcambXpamb hkvXp¡Ä  GsX¦nepw hyànIfpsS ssIhi¯n I­m AXv ]nSns¨Sp¡phm\pw t]meokn\v A[nImcap­v. am{Xaà HcmÄ IpähmfnbÃm F¶v {]Ya ZrjvSym t_m[ys¸«m Abmsf hn«bbv¡phm\pw t\m¬ sImssákn_nÄ IpäIrXyw \S¯nbmsf aPnkvt{S«nsâ A\paXnbnÃmsX Xs¶ Pmay¯n hnSm\pw sImssákn_nÄ Ipä IrXyw \S¯nb Bsf aPnkvt{S«nsâ hmdânÃmsX Xs¶ AdÌv sN¿phm\pw {Inan\ \S]Sn \nbaw kwlnX t]meokn\v A[nImcw \ÂIp¶p.

C³shÌntKj\pw F³Izbdnbpw

km[mcW AÀ°¯n C³shÌntKj\pw F³Izbdnbpw Htc hnjb¯nsâ AÀ°ambn IW¡m¡s¸Smdps­¦nepw {Inan\ \S]Sn \nba¯n Cu c­v ]Z¯n\pw hyXyØamb AÀ°amWpffXv. Hcp t]meokv Hm^oktdm Asæn aPnkvt{S«Ãm¯ GsX¦nepw A[nImcntbm \S¯p¶ At\zjWamW    C³shÌntKj³ sXfnhn\v th­ FÃm hn[Imcy§fpw tiJcn¡p¶Xv C³shÌntKjsâ `mKambn«mWv. Hcp {Sbensâ `mKambn«ÃmsX Hcp  aPnkvt{St«m Hcp tImSXntbm \S¯p¶ At\zjWamWv C³shÌntKj³

Hcp C³shÌntKj\n D­mbncnt¡ണ്ട ­ {][m\ LSI§Ä Fs´Ãmw ? 

1.         IpäIrXyw \S¶ Øe kµÀi\w

2.        tIknsâ kmlNcy§fpw Imcy§fpw hnebncp¯Â

3.        Ipähmfnsb¶v kwibn¡s¸Sp¶bmsf Is­¯n AdÌv sN¿Â

4.        IpäIrXyhpambn _Ôs¸« sXfnhpIÄ tiJcn¡Â

F) IpähmfnbS¡papffhsc tNmZyw sN¿pIbpw AhÀ \ÂIp¶ samgn FgpXnsbSp¡pIbpw sN¿Â

_n) C³shÌntKjt\m {Sbent\m Bhiyambnhcp¶ hkvXp¡Ä Is­Sp¡m\pff Xnc¨n \S¯Â

5.        Is­Sp¯ hkvXp¡fpsS ASnØm\¯n aPnkvt{S«v ap¼msI Hcp NmÀÖv joäv kaÀ¸n¡m\pff km[yXXIsf¡pdn¨pff Xocpam\¯nse¯Â ( sk£³ 173)

C³shÌntKjsâ c­v {][m\ Xe§fmWv Ipähmfnsb¶p kwibn¡s¸Sp¶bmsf I­p]nSn¨v AdÌv sN¿epw. C³shÌntKjtâbpw C³IzbdnbpsSbpw {Sbentâbpw Bhiy¯n\mbpff hkvXp¡Ä At\zjn¨p Is­¯epw.

t]meokv C³shÌntKj³  \S¯p¶sXt¸mÄ ?

IpäIrXyw \S¶m At\zjWw \St¯­ apJy GP³kn t]meokmWv. Xmsg sImSp¯ncn¡p¶ kmlNcy§fn t]meokn\v C³shÌntKj³ \S¯mhp¶XmWv.

F) Hcp sImssákn_nÄ IpäIrXyw \S¶Xmbn GsX¦nepsamcmfn \n¶v hnhc§Ä e`nbv¡pI

_n) Bcpw hnhc§Ä X¶nsænepw  Hcp sImssákn_nÄ IpäIrXyw \S¶Xmbn t]meokn\v t_m[ys¸Sp¶ kµÀ`§fnÂ

kn) Hcp PpUojy aPnkvt{S«n \n¶v At\zjWw \S¯m\mbn D¯chv e`nbv¡p¶ kµÀ`§fn  ( sk£³ 170)

   s]mXphmbn ]dªm t\m¬ sImssákn_nÄ IpäIrXyw Hcp kzImcyImcyambn«mWv {Inan\ \S]Sn \nba¯n IcpXs¸Sp¶Xv. BbXn\m A¡mcy¯n\mbn t]meokv GP³knsb D]tbmKs¸Spt¯­XnÃ. F¶mWv IW¡m¡p¶Xv. F¶ncp¶mepw A[nImcs¸« Hcp aPnkvt{S«v  t\m¬ sImssákn_nÄ IpäIrXyw At\zjn¡Wsa¶v t]meoknt\mSv D¯chn«m t]meokn\v AXv At\zjn¡mhp¶XmWv.

       FÃm t]meokv DtZymKØÀ¡pw tIkv At\zjn¡m³ A[nImcanÃ. Hcp t]meokv tÌjsâ NmÀÖpff DtZymKØt\m Asæn AXnt\¡mÄ DbÀ¶ DtZymKØt\m am{Xta C³shÌntKj³ \S¯m³ sk£³ 156 A[nImcw \ÂIp¶pffq. DbÀ¶ t]meokv Hm^okÀ¡v Xsâ Iognepff DtZymKØs\ tIkv At\zjW¯n\mbn NpaXes¸Sp¯mhp¶XmWv. C§s\ At\zjWw \S¯m³ A[nImcapff t]meokv DtZymKØÀ GXp dm¦nepffhcmbncn¡Wsa¶v kwØm\kÀ¡mÀ \nÝbn¡p¶p.

Private complaint

Hcp tIkv ^e{]Zambpw Xr]vXnIcambpw t]meokv At\zjn¡mXncnbv¡pItbm Asæn B tIkv t]meokn\v t\cn«v CSs]Sm³ A[nImcanÃm¯ Xc¯nepffXmIpItbm sN¿p¶ Ahkc§fn ]cmXn¡mc\v tImSXnbn ]cmXn t_m[n¸n¡mw. CXn\v Private complaint F¶p ]dbp¶p. ]cmXn¡mc³ kXyw sNbvXv tImSXnbn samgn sImSp¡Ww. km£nIÄ lmPcps­¦n AhcpsS samgnbpw FSp¡mw. AXn\v tijw tIkv ^ben kzoIcn¨v {]Xnsb lmPcm¡p¶Xn\pff \S]SnIÄ tImSXn kzoIcn¡p¶p. A{]Imcw tIkv ^ben kzoIcn¡p¶Xn\v ap¼mbn aPnkvt{S«n\v bpàsa¶p tXm¶p¶ ]£w ]cmXnsb¸än     Hcp {]mcw`w At\zjWw \S¯pItbm At\zjW¯n\mbn ]cmXn t]meokn\v ssIamdpItbm sN¿mhp¶XmWv. F¶m skj³kv tImSXnbn ]cnKWn¡s¸tS­ tIkn C§s\ sN¿p¶XÃ. XpSÀ¶v t]meoknsâ dnt¸mÀ«v e`n¨p Ignªm tImSXn XpSÀ \S]SnIÄ kzoIcn¡p¶p.

       

AdÌv F¶mse´v ?

sk£³ 41

AdÌv F¶ hm¡v {^©v `mjbn \n¶mWv DÛhn¨n«pffXv.  XSbpI F¶mWv CXn\À°w.  Hcp hyàn¡v Xsâ CjvSm\pkcWw Nen¡p¶Xn\pff kzmX{´yw CÃmXm¡pIbmWv AdÌv F¶ {]hÀ¯nbneqsS sN¿s¸Sp¶Xv.

        kmlNcy§Ä¡p\pkrXambn Hcp t]meokv DtZymKØt\m, aPnkvt{SSnt\m Hcp kzmIcy hyànt¡m AdÌv sN¿mhp¶XmWv. hmdtâmSpIqSbpw hmdânÃmsXbpw AdÌv sN¿m\pff kmlNcy§fp­v.

F{]ImcamWv AdÌv sNt¿­Xv ?

        hm¡mtem {]hÀ¯nbmtem AdÌv \S¯mhp¶XmWv. AdÌn\v hnt[bamIp¶ hyàn t]meokv DtZymKØsâ  hm¡psIm­pw {]hÀ¯nsIm­pw hg§p¶nÃmsb¦n B hyànsb XSªv Adkväv sN¿mhp¶XmWv.  B hyàn _ew {]tbmKn¨v FXnÀ¡pIbmsW¦n t]meokv DtZymKØ\v Bhiyamb _e{]tbmKw \S¯mhp¶XmWv.  F¶m acW in£tbm Poh]cy´w XSthm e`nbv¡mhp¶ Ipäw sNbvX hyànsb AÃmsX aämÀs¡Xnscbpw  _ew {]tbmKw \S¯pt¼mÄ B {]hÀ¯\w  B hyànbpsS acW¯n\nSbmIm³ ]mSnÃ. AdÌv sN¿p¶Xntebv¡mhiyamb _e{]tbmKw am{Xta \S¯m³ ]mSqffq.

 Hcp t]meokv Hm^okÀ¡v  Hcp hyànsb AdÌv sN¿p¶Xn\mbn C´ybn FhnsS thWsa¦nepw ]n³XpSÀ¶v t]mImhp¶XmWv. AdÌv sN¿s¸tS­bmÄ asämcp hyànbpsS ho«n Ds­¶v t]meokv DtZymKس \ymbambn kwibn¡p¶psh¦n  t]meokv DtZymKØ\v IS¶p sNÃm\pff kuIcyw sNbvXp B hyàn sNbvXpsImSpt¡­XmWv. Ipähmfnsb AdÌv sN¿p¶Xn\pff \ymbamb FÃm kuIcy§fpw sNbvXpsImSpt¡­XmWv. F¶m Xmak¡mc³ AXn\v hg§p¶nÃmsb¦n t]meokv Hm^okÀ¡v Ipähmfnsb AdÌv sN¿p¶Xn\mbn _eambn B ho«n {]thin¡mhp¶Xpw AXn\mbn hmXntem P\tem s]mfn¡mhp¶XpamWv. F¶m kv{XoIÄ am{XapffnS¯v {]thin¡pt¼mÄ AXn\pap¼mbn kv{XoIÄ¡v ]pd¯p t]mIm\pff A\phmZw \ÂtI­XmWv.

        AdÌv sN¿s¸« hyànbpsS ssIhi¯nepff km[\§fpsS enkväv X¿mdm¡n enkvSv B hyàn¡v \ÂtI­XmWv.

        hmdânÃmsX Adkväv sNbvXm AdÌv sN¿s¸« hyànsb 24 aWn¡qdn\Iw aPnkvt{S«nsâ ap¶n lmPcm¡nbncnt¡­XmWv.  F¶m AdÌv sNbvX Øe¯v \n¶v aPnkvt{S«nsâbSp¯v F¯p¶Xn\v FSp¯n«pff bYmÀ° kabw CXn \n¶v Ipdhp sN¿p¶XmWv.

        AdÌv sN¿m\pff ImcWw t]meokv DtZymKس hyànsb Adnbn¨ncnt¡­XmWv.

        Hcp PpUojy Hm^okdmWv AdÌv sN¿s¸«sX¦n Øes¯ skj³kv PUvPnbpsS ap³IqÀ A\phmZanÃmsX Abmsf t]meokv tÌj\n sIm­p t]mIm³ ]mSnÃ.

t]meokv Hm^okÀ¡v Hcmsf hmdânÃmsX AdÌv sN¿mhp¶ kµÀ`§Ä  GsXÃmamWv (sk£³ 41)

{Inan\ \S]Sn \nba kwlnXbnse sk£³ 41 \pw 42 \pw hnt[bambn Xmsg ]dbp¶ kmlNcy§fn t]meokv Hm^okÀamÀ¡v aPnkvt{S«nsâ hmdânÃmsX AdÌv sN¿m³ A[nImcap­v.

1. HcmÄ sImssák_nÄ IpäIrXyw \S¯nb kµÀ`§fntem  Asæn sImssák_nÄ IpäIrXyw \S¯nbXmbn \ymbambn kwibn¡s¸SpItbm sN¿p¶ kµÀ`§fnÂ

2. AbmfpsS ssIhi¯n `h\t`Z\¯n\pff Bbp[§Ä ImWs¸SpIbpw AXv `h\t`\¯n\pffXà F¶v \nba]cambn AbmÄ¡v sXfnbn¡m³ IgnbmsX hcpIbpw sN¿p¶ kµÀ`§fn 

3. AbmÄ {]Jym]nX IpähmfnbmsW¶v a\Ênem¡p¶bhkc¯nÂ

4. AbmÄ IfhpapX ssIhiw h¨ncn¡p¶ kµÀ`§fnÂ

5. Bsc¦nepw t]meokv DtZymKØs\ AbmfpsS IrXy\nÀÆlW¯n XSÊap­m¡pItbm t]meok IÌUnbn \n¶v c£s¸Sm³ {ian¡pItbm sN¿p¶ kµÀ`§fnÂ

6. Ic/hmbp/\mhnI tk\Ifn tPmenbpffhÀ tPmenbn \n¶v HfntÑmSp¶ kµÀ`§fnÂ

7. HcmÄ C´ybv¡v shfnbn h¨v Ipäw sNbvXXmbn kwibn¡s¸SpIbpw Ipähmfnsb ssIamdp¶Xn\pff \nbaa\pkcn¨v (Extradition) AdÌv sN¿s¸tS­nhcp¶Xpamb kµÀ`§fnÂ

8. tamNn¸n¡s¸« XShpImÀ hyhØ ewLn¡pt¼mÄ

9. AdÌv sN¿phm\pff A`yÀ°\ asämcp t]meokv DtZymKØ\n \n¶v e`n¨n«pff kµÀ`§fnÂ

10. t]meokvImÀ¡v t\cn«v CSs]Smhp¶ IpäIcamb {]hÀ¯nIÄ \S¯p¶Xn\v Xsâ km¶n²yw ad¨pshbv¡phm³ Bsc¦nepw ap³IcpXepIÄ \S¯p¶ kµÀ`§fnÂ

11. IhÀ¨ , tamjWw apXembXv Øncw sXmgnem¡nbn«pffhsc

12. t]meokv DtZymKØsâ km¶n²y¯n Hcp t\m¬ sImssákn_n IpäIrXyw \S¯nbtXm \S¯nbmXmbn Btcm]Whnt[b\mIpItbm sN¿p¶ BtfmSv t]meokv DtZymKس t]cpw ho«p t]cpw tNmZn¡pt¼mÄ AXp ]dbm³ hnʽXn¡pItbm sXämb hnhc§Ä ]dªpsImSp¡pItbm BsW¦nÂ

kzImcy hyànIÄ¡v AdÌv sN¿mhp¶sXt¸mÄ ?

 (sk£³ 41)

t]meokv DtZymKØÀ¡v am{Xaà kzImcy hyànIÄ¡pw Nne kµÀ`§fn IpähmfnIsf Adkväv sN¿mhp¶XmWv. t]meokn\v t\cn«v CSs]«v At\zjn¡mhp¶Xpw  Pmayw In«p¶Xn\v {]YaZrjvSym AÀlXbnÃm¯Xpamb Hcp IrXyw HcmÄ Xsâ ap¶n h¨v sNbvXm B hyànsb AdÌv sNbm³ GsXmcp kzImcy hyàn¡pw AhImiap­v.  Ipähmfnsb AdÌv sNbvXp Ignªm Abmsf ASp¯pff t]meokv tÌj\n F¯n¡Ww.  t]meokv \nb]camb Adkväv \S¯n XpSÀ \S]SnIÄ kzoIcn¡p¶XmWv.

aPnt{Ì«n\m AdÌv sN¿s¸Sp¶sXt¸mÄ ?

(sk£³ 44)

Hcp PpUojy aPnkvt{S«nt\m FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«nt\m X§fpsS A[nImc]cn[nbn h¨v Xmsg sImSp¯ncn¡p¶ Imcy§Ä {i²bnÂs¸«m AdÌv sN¿mhp¶XmWv

1.              GsX¦nepw hyàn X§fpsS km¶n²y¯n IpäIrXyw sN¿p¶Xmbn {i²bnÂs¸«mÂ

2.             X\n¡v GXv hyàns¡XncmbmtWm hmdâv ]pds¸Sphn¡phm³ A[nImcapffXv B hyànsb AdÌv sN¿mhp¶XmWv.

Adkäv sN¿s¸« hyànbpsS AhImi§Ä Fs´ÃmamWv ?

 (the rights of the arrested person)

 hmdsâmSpIqSntbm hmdânÃmsXtbm Bscsb¦nepw AdÌv sN¿pt¼mÄ F´n\mWv Abmsf AdÌv sNbvXn«pffsX¶v AbmtfmSv hniZamt¡­XmWv. CXv AdÌv sN¿s¸Sp¶ hyànbpsS auenIamb AhImiamWv.

PmayanÃm¯ Ipäw sNbvX kmlNcy§fnsemgnsI hmdânÃmsX GsX¦nepw t]menkv Hm^okÀ Bscsb¦nepw Adkväv sN¿pt¼mÄ AbmÄ¡v Pmayw e`nbv¡m\pff AhImiaps­¶pff Imcyw Abmsf Adnbn¨ncnt¡­XmWv.

hmdsâmSpIqSntbm hmdânÃmsXtbm Bscsb¦nepw AdÌv sN¿pt¼mÄ PayhyhØIÄ¡v hnt[bambn Abmsf F{Xbpw s]s«¶v _Ôs¸« aPnkvt{S«n\v ap¼msI lmPcm¡nbncnt¡­XmWv.

AdÌv sN¿s¸« Hcmsf bmsXmcp ImcWhimepw 24 aWn¡qdne[nIw (aPnkvt{S«n\v ap¼nse¯n¡m\mhiyamb bm{Xm kabw Hgnhm¡nbtijw) IÌUnbn hbv¡m³ ]mSnÃ.

AdÌv sN¿s¸« hyàn¡v AbmÄ XnctªSp¡p¶ Hcp \nbahnZvKZs\ I¬kÄ«v sN¿\pff AhImiap­v.

AdÌv sN¿s¸« hyàn¡v sshZy ]cntim[\bv¡v hnt[b\mIm\pff AhImiap­v. F¶m C{]Icmw sN¿p¶Xv \nba\S]Sn sshIn¸n¡p¶Xn\pw Hcp

AdÌv sN¿s¸«bmÄ Zcn{Z\msW¦n AbmÄ¡v kuP\yambn \nbaklmbw e`nbv¡m³ AÀlXbps­¶pff hnhcw AbmtfmSv Adnbn¨nt¡­XmWv.

AdÌv sN¿s¸« hyànbpsS ssIhi¯nepff km[\§fpsS enkväv X¿mdm¡n enkvSv B hyàn¡v \ÂtI­XmWv.

        hmdânÃmsX Adkväv sNbvXm AdÌv sN¿s¸« hyànsb 24 aWn¡qdn\Iw aPnkvt{S«nsâ ap¶n lmPcm¡nbncnt¡­XmWv.  F¶m AdÌv sNbvX Øe¯v \n¶v aPnkvt{S«nsâbSp¯v F¯p¶Xn\v FSp¯n«pff bYmÀ° kabw CXn \n¶v Ipdhp sN¿p¶XmWv.

        AdÌv sN¿m\pff ImcWw t]meokv DtZymKس hyànsb Adnbn¨ncnt¡­XmWv.

        Hcp PpUojy Hm^okdmWv AdÌv sN¿s¸«sX¦n Øes¯ skj³kv PUvPnsâ ap³IqÀ A\phmZanÃmsX Abmsf t]meokv tÌj\n sIm­p t]mIm³ ]mSnÃ. AdÌns\ iàambn FXnÀ¡pIbpw ssIhne§v sh¡m³ ]mSnÃ.

dnamâv F¶mse´v ?

AdÌv sN¿s¸SpItbm tImSXnbn lmPcmIpItbm sN¿p¶ {]Xnsb IÌUnbn hbv¡m³ \nÀt±in¨psIm­v tImSXn ]pds¸Sphn¡p¶ D¯cchn\mWv dnamâv F¶p ]dbp¶Xv. 15 Znhk¯n Ihnbm¯ Imet¯¡mWv dnamâv sN¿p¶Xv. Cu Imemh[n Bhiysa¶p tXm¶p¶ ]£w ho­pw \o«m³ tImSXnbv¡v A[nImcap­v. h[in£tbm Poh]cy´w XSthm ]¯phÀj¯n Ipdbm¯ XSthm in£ hn[n¡mhp¶ tIkpIfn sam¯w IÌUnbn hbv¡mhp¶Xnsâ Imemh[n 90 Znhk¯n Ihnbm³ ]mSnÃ. aäpff tIkpIfn 60 ZnhkamWv Imemh[n. Cu Imemh[n Ignbpt¼mÄ {]Xn Pmayw sImSp¡phm³ X¿mdmsW¦n Pmay¯n hntS­XmWv.

IÌUn F¶mse´v ?

IÌUn c­p Xc¯nep­v. H¶v t]meokv IÌUn asäm¶v PpUojy IÌUn. PpUojy IÌUn F¶m tImSXnbpsS \nb{´W¯nepff k_v  Pbnen kq£n¡pI F¶pffXmWv. GXp tIknemsW¦nepw t]meokv IÌUnbn ]Xn\©v Znhk¯n IqSpX hbv¡phm³ ]mSnÃ.

]cntim[\bpw Iണ്ട ­psI«epw   (Search and Seizure)

        At\zjWw, hnNmcW, XpS§nb s]mXpXm¸cyapff Imcy§Ä ¡pth­nbÃmsX s]mXpP\¯nsâ kzmX{´yw l\n¡s¸Sm³ ]mSnà hkvXp¡fpw {]amW§fpw lmPcm¡phm³ th­nbpff {][m\ \S]Sn{Ia§Ä Xmsg ]dbp¶hbmWv.

1. ka³kv ]pds¸Sphn¡p¶Xp hgn
2. t]meokv tÌjsâ NmÀÖpff Hm^okdpsS tcJmaqeapff D¯chv hgn
3. hmdâv ]pds¸Sphnt¨m CÃmsXtbm ]cntim[\bpw I­psI«epw \S¯pI hgn

ka³kpw tcJmaqeapff D¯chpw

        GsX¦nepw IpäIrXyw kw_Ôn¨ At\zjW¯n\mtbm, hnNmcWbv¡mtbm F³Izbdn¡mtbm GsX¦nepw {]amWtam hkvXpthm Bhiyambn hcp¶]£w _Ôs¸« {]amWtam hkvXpthm ssIhiw h¨ncn¡p¶bmÄ¡v  _Ôs¸« tImSXnbv¡v hmdsâm t]meokv Hm^okÀ¡v tcJmaqeapff D¯cthm ]pds¸Sphn¡mhp¶XmWv.

        F¶m ta ]dª N«§Ä cmPyImcy§sf¡pdn¨pffXpw {]kn²oIcn¡m¯pXpambtXm HutZymKnI tcJbvt¡m,  t]mÌtem sS{Km^nsâtbm A[o\Xbnepff It¯m, ]mÀktem sS{Kmtam, asäs´¦nepw tcJbvt¡m _m[IaÃ. Cu Imcy§Ä thWsa¶ps­¦n Ah lmPcm¡m³ _Ôs¸« aPnkvt{S«n\v

hmdtâmSp IqSnb skÀ¨v F¶mse´v ? (sk£³ 93)

        s]mXphmtbm {]tXyIamtbm GsX¦nepw hkvXp¡tfm {]amW§tfm Xncªpt\m¡p¶Xn\v  A[nImcapff aPnkvt{St«m  tImSXntbm t]meokv Hm^okÀt¡m Asæn A[nImcs¸« aämÀ¡psa¦ntem tcJmaqew \ÂIp¶ D¯chmWv skÀ¨v hmdâv. skÀ¨v hmdâv ]ucsâ kzImcyXb#nte¡pff IS¶pIbäambXn\m B A[nImcw hfsc {i²m]qÀÆhpw \oXn]qÀÆhpw hn\ntbmKnt¡­XmWv.

 skÀ¨v hmdâv ]pds¸Sphn¡p¶ kmlNcy§Ä GsXÃmamWv ?

ka³tkm, D¯cthm, \nÀt±itam ]pds¸Shn¨mepw Bhiys¸« hkvXpthm {]amWtam e`nbv¡nà F¶v tImSXnbv¡v D¯a t_m[yapff ]£w

1. A¯c¯nepff hkvXpthm {]amWtam BcpsS ssIhi¯nemWpffsX¶v tImSXnbv¡v Adnbm¯]£w
2. At\zjW¯n\mbn kmam\yamb Hcp ]cntim[\tbm At\zjWtam \nÀÆln¡s¸SWsa¶v tImSXn IcpXp¶ ]£w
3. GsX¦nepw IfhpapX kq£n¡pItbm AXntâ {Ibhn{Ibw \S¯s¸SpItbm, \ntcm[n¡s¸« GsX¦nepw hkvXp¡Ä, hymP t\m«pIÄ Ìm¼pIÄ XpS§nbh kq£n¨n«ps­¶v kwibn¡s¸SpItbm sN¿¶p F¶v aPnkvt{S«n\v tXm¶p¶  Ahkc¯n (sk£³ 96()
4. C³Uy³ ]o\ tImUv {]Imcw in£mÀlamb Imcy§Ä {]kn²oIcn¡s¸«n«pff \yqkvt¸mÀ, ]pkvXI§Ä apXembh Ds­¶v ImWp¶ Ahkc¯n kÀ¡mcn\v t\m«n^nt¡j³ aptJ\ A¯cw hkvXp¡Ä I­psI«Wsa¶v \nÀt±in¨n«pfft¸mÄ, aPnkvt{S«n\v k_v C³kvs]IvSdpsS dm¦n Ipdbm¯ t]meokv DtZymKØt\mSv B Øe¯v {]thin¨v ]cntim[\ \S¯m³ D¯chnSmhp¶XmWv. (sk£³ 96(4))
5. GsX¦nepw hyànsb \nbahncp²ambn XS¦en ]mÀ¸n¨ncn¡p¶Xmbn PnÃm aPnkvt{S«nt\m, k_vUnhnjW aPnkvt{S«nt\m, ^Ìv Ivfmkv aPnkvt{S«ns\m \ymbambn kwibapff ]£w skÀ¨v hmdân B hyànbpsS t]cpw Øehpw tcJs¸Spt¯­XmWv. C{]Imcw sXc¨n \S¯pt¼mÄ Bsf I­pIn«nbm Abmsf DS³ Xs¶ Hcp aPnkvt{S«nsâ ap¼msI sIm­p sNtíXpw,  aPnkvt{S«v DNnXsa¶ tXm¶p¶ D¯chv ]pds¸Sphnt¡­XpamWv. (sk£³ 97)

hmdânÃm¯  skÀ¨v sN¿p¶ kmlNcy§Ä Fs´ÃmamWv ?

1. skÀ¨v hmdâv ]pds¸Sphn¡m³ A[nImcapff Hcp aPnkvt{S«n\v Xsâ km¶n²y¯n GXp Øe¯pw skÀ¨v \S¯m³ D¯chnSmhp¶XmWv.

2. C³shÌntKj³ kab¯v skÀ¨#v hmdâv ]pds¸Sphn¡phm³ kabanÃm¯t¸mÄ  C³shÌntKjsâ `mKambn skÀ¨v ASn´ncambn \St¯­Xv Bhiyambn hcp¶p F¶p \ymbambn kwibn¡p¶ kµÀ`§fn ko\nbdmb t]meokv DtZymKØ\v hmd­nÃmsX skÀ¨v \S¯mhp¶XmWv. 

        Hcp t]meokv DtZymKس X\n¡v At\zjWw \S¯m³ A[nImcapff GsX¦nepw Ipäs¯Ipdn¨v At\zjWw \S¯pt¼mÄ BbXntebv¡v Bhiyapff GsX¦nepw km[\w X\n¡v NmÀPPpfftXm Xm³ tPmensN¿p¶tXm Bb GsX¦nepw t]meokv tÌjsâ AXnÀ¯n¡pffnse GsX¦nepw Øe¯v Is­¯mhp¶XmsW¶pw B hkvXp Xsâ A`n{]mb¯n A[nIw ImeXmakw IqSmsX aäp hn[¯n In«m³ IgnbpIbnsöpw \ymbambn hnizkn¡pIbpw sN¿pt¼mÄ B DtZymKس AXv tcJs¸Sp¯nbXn\ptijw B hkvXphn\mbn ]cntim[\ \S¯mhp¶XmWv. 

        Ignbpsa¦n ]cntim[\ \St¯­Xv B DtZymKس t\cn«mbncn¡Ww. F¶m {]mtbmKnIambn AXn\v IgnbmXncn¡p¶ kµÀ`§fn BbXn\pff ImcW§Ä tcJs¸Sp¯nbXn\ptijw Xsâ Iognepff GsX¦nepw DtZymKØt\mSv ]cntim[\ \S¯m³ Bhiys¸Smw.

F´n\mWv ]cntim[\ \S¯p¶Xv, F´v km[\¯n\mWv ]cntim[\ \S¯p¶Xv ]cntim[\ \S¯m\pff Øew F¶n Imcy§Ä AS§nb D¯chv B DtZymKØ\v \ÂInbncn¡Ww.  C{]Icmw A[nImcw e`nbv¡pt¼mÄ B DtZymKØ\v skÀ¨v \S¯mXhp¶XmWv.

        skÀ¨v kw_Ôn¨v X¿mdm¡nbn«pff tcJIfpsS ]IÀ¸pIÄ DS³ Xs¶ _Ôs¸« aPnkvt{S«n\v Ab¨psImSpt¡­Xpw aPnkvt{S«v AXnsâ Hcp ]IÀ¸v skÀ¨v sN¿s¸Sp¶ Øe¯nsâ DSabvt¡m ssIhi¡mct\m At]£bn³ta kuP\yambn \ÂtI­pXpamWv.

v.

kv{Xosb tZl]cntim[\ sN¿p¶ kµÀ`§fn ]men¨ncnt¡ണ്ട ­ Imcy§Ä Fs´ÃmamWv ?

 Hcp kv{Xosb tZl]cntim[\ sNt¿­Xv Bhiyambn hcpt¼mÄ                             k`yXsb am\n¨psIm­v asämcp kv{Xosbs¡m­mbncn¡Ww B ]cntim[\ \St¯­Xv  (sk£³ 51)

  icoc ]cnsim[\bneqsS Ipäw sNbvXXns\ kw_Ôn¨ sXfnhv e`nbv¡psh¶v hnizkn¡phm³ \ymbapfft¸mÄ Hcp kv{XobpsS icocw ]cntim[nt¡­Xv cPnÌÀ sN¿s¸« Hcp saUn¡Â {]mIvSoj\sds¡mt­m AhcpsS taÂt\m«¯n³ Iogntem Bbncn¡Ww. (sk£³ 53(2))

        sI«nS§fnsebpw Øm]\§fnsebpw Xmak¡mcpw NpaXebpffhcpw DtZymKØcpsS Xncn¨nen\pff \ymbamb FÃm kuIcy§fpw sNbvXpsImSpt¡­XmsW¶v  sk£³ 100(1)  ]dbp¶p. A§s\bpff Øet¯m AXntâ Npäph«t¯m Dff GsX¦nepw BÄ Xnc¨nen\p hnt[bambn km[\w Xsâ icoc¯n Hfn¨ph¨n«pffXmbn \ymbambn kwibn¡mhp¶XmsW¦n AbmfpsS icoc¯nepw Xnc¨n \S¯mhp¶XmsW¶pw F¶m A§s\bpff BÄ Hcp kv{XnbmsW¦n k`yX XnI¨pw ]men¨psIm­p asämcp kv{Xo am{Xta A¯cw Xnc¨n \S¯phm³ ]mSpffpsh¶pw hyhØbp­v.

tImSXnbv¡v ap¼msI \nÀ_ÔnXambn lmPcm¡s¸SÂ
(Process to compel appearance) (sec-61-90)

ka³kv F¶mse´v

(sk£³ 60 apXÂ 69 hsc)

tImSXnb¡v ap¼msI \nÝnX Znhkw \nÝnX kab¯v lmPcmIWsa¶v \nÀt±in¨psIm­v tImSn Abbv¡p¶ t\m«okmWv ka³kv. ka³kv tcJmaqeambncn¡Ww. Hcp AÊepw Hcp ]IÀ¸pw D­mbncn¡Ww. AXn _Ôs¸« A[nImcn H¸n«ncnt¡­XmWv. tImSXnbpsS ko D­mbncn¡Ww. ka³kv Ignbp¶Xpw {]tXyI ZqX³ aptJ\ \St¯­XmWv. ka³kv \S¯s¸tS­ hyàn¡v AXnsâ ]ÀIÀ¸v \ÂIn H¸v hm§nt¡­XmWv. Hcp tImÀ¸tdäv Øm]\¯n\mWv ka³kv \S¯p¶sX¦n AXnsâ sk{I«dnt¡m Asæn GsX¦nepw {]n³kn¸Â Hm^okÀt¡m ka³kv \S¯nbm aXn

        ka³kv ssI¸tä­ hyànsb Is­¯m\mbnsæn B ho«nse apXnÀ¶ ]pcpj\v ka³kv \ÂImhp¶XmWv. apXnÀ¶ ]pcpjs\ Is­¯m³ Ignªn«nsæn B ho«nse {i²n¡s¸Sp¶ `mK¯v ka³kv ]Xn¨v \S¯mhp¶XmWv.

        ka³kv \S¯p¶ tImSXnbpsS A[nImc ]cn[n¡v ]pd¯mWv ka³kv ssI¸tä­bmÄ Xmkn¡p¶sX¦n AhnsS A[nImc]cn[nbpff aPnkvt{S«v aptJ\ ka³kv \St¯­XmWv. hnäv\kn\mbpff ka³kv t]mÌ aptJ\ \S¯mhp¶XmWv.

ka³kv GsXÃmw hn[¯n \S¯mw ?

Fgp hn[¯n ka³kv \S¯mhp¶XmWv.

1. ka³kv \S¯s¸tS­ hyàn¡v t\cn«v \S¯Â (personal service)  (sk£³ 62) : ka³kv ssI¸tä­ hyànbv¡v t\cn«v \ÂIn AXnsâ Uyq]vfnt¡änsâ ]pd¯v H¸v hm§n \S¯mhp¶XmWv
2. ]Icw \S¯m (Extended service) (sk£³ 62) : ka³kv ssI¸tä­ hyànsb Is­¯m\mbnsæn B ho«nse apXnÀ¶ ]pcpj\v ka³kv \ÂImhp¶XmWv. apXnÀ¶ ]pcpjs\ Is­¯m³ Ignªn«nsæn B ho«nse {i²n¡s¸Sp¶ `mK¯v ka³kv ]Xn¨v \S¯mhp¶XmWv. F¶m B ho«nse the¡mc\v ka³kv kznIcn¡m³ A[nImcanÃ.
3. ]Xn¨v \S¯Â (Subsitituted service) (sk£³ 65)  : t\cnt«m ]Ic¡mct\m \ÂIm³ IgnªnÃmsb¦n ka³knsâ Uyq]vfnt¡äv B hoSnsâ {it²bamb GsX¦nepw `mK¯v ]Xn¨p \S¯mhp¶XmWv
4. X]m aptJ\ \S¯Â (sk£³ 69)  : ka³kv cPnkvt{SUv X]m aptJ\ \S¯m³ tImSXnbv¡v D¯chnSmhp¶XmWv.
5. kÀ¡mÀ DtZymKØ\v \S¯Â(sk£³ 66) kÀ¡mÀ DtZymKØ\mWv ka³kv \ÂtI­sX¦n ka³knsâ Uyq]vfnt¡äv klnXw Hm^okv Xeh\v Ab¨psImSp¯v AXv _Ôs¸« DtZymKØ\v \S¯nbtijw AXnsâ Uyq]vfnt¡äv ]IÀ¸n \S¯nb hnhcw tcJs¸Sp¯nb Iosggp¯pw H¸pw tcJs¸Sp¯n Uyq]vfnt¡äv  Xncn¨bbvt¡­XmWv
6. tImÀ¸tdj\v ka³kv \S¯Â (sk£³ 63) tImÀ¸tdj\mWv ka³kv \St¯­sX¦n AXnsâ tem¡Â amt\PÀt¡m sk{I«dnt¡m Asæn No^v Hm^nkÀt¡m cPnkvt{SUv X]m aptJ\ Abbv¡p¶XmWv.
7. tImSXnbpsS A[nImc]cn[n¡v ]pd¯v ka³kv \St¯­t¸mÄ (sk£³ 67)  tImSXnbpsS A[nImc]cn[n¡v ]pd¯v ka³kv \St¯­nhcpt¼mÄ  B Øe¯v A[nImc]cn[nbpff aPnkvt{S«n\v ka³knsâ Uyq]vfnt¡äv klnXw Ab¨v sImSp¯v B aPnkvt{S«v hgn ka³kv \S¯p¶XmWv.

hmdâv F¶mse´v ?

 (sk£³ 70 apXÂ 81 hsc)

Hcp hyànsb \nÀ_ÔnXambn tImSXnbv¡v ap¼msI F¯n¡p¶Xn\pff c­mas¯ \S]SnbmWv hmdâv. ka³kv e`nbvv¨n«pw tImSXnb¡v ap¼msI lmPcmImXncn¡pItbm lmPcmIm³ a\]qÀÆw hnʽXn¡pItbm sN¿p¶ kµÀ`§fn tImSXn AdÌv hmdâv ]pds¸Sphn¡p¶XmWv. tImSXnb¡v ap¼msI \nÝnX Znhkw \nÝnX kab¯v I£nsb lmPcm¡Wsa¶v \nÀt±in¨psIm­v t]meokn\v tImSXn Abbv¡p¶ t\m«okmWv hmdâv .

hmdâv tcJmaqeambncn¡Ww. AÊepw Hcp ]IÀ¸pw D­mbncn¡Ww. AXn c­nepw _Ôs¸« A[nImcn H¸n«ncnt¡­XmWv. tImSXnbpsS ko D­mbncn¡Ww  Hcn¡Â ]pds¸Sphn¨ hmdân\v AXv ]pds¸Sphn¨ tImSXn AXv d±m¡p¶Xphsctbm AXv FIvÌâv sN¿p¶Xphsctbm {]m_eyap­mbncn¡p¶XmWv. tImSXnbv¡v PmayhyhØbpff hmdsâm (bailable warrant) PmayhyhØbnÃm¯ hmdsâm (Non bailable warrant) ]pds¸Sphn¡mhp¶XmWv. PmayhyhØtbmsSbpff hmdâmsW¦n hmdâv \S¯p¶ DtZymKØ\v tImSXnbn \nÝnX Xo¿Xnbn lmPcmIWsa¶ hyhØtbmsS {]Xnbn \n¶v t_m­v hm§n Abmsf Pmay¯n hnSmhp¶XmWv. hmdâv {]Imcw AdÌv sNbvXbmsf 24 aWn¡qdn\Iw tImSXnbn lmPcm¡nbncnt¡­XmWv. Hcp tImSXn ]pds¸Sphn¨ hmdâv C³Uybn GXv Øe¯pw \S¸m¡mhp¶XmWv.

ka³kn\v ]Icw hmdâv Abbv¡p¶ kµÀ`§Ä GsXÃmamWv ?

tImSXnbv¡v Xmsg sImSp¯ncn¡p¶ kmlNcy§fn AXn\pff ImcW§Ä tcJs¸Sp¯nbXn\v tijw hmdâv Abbv¡mhp¶XmWv.. 

F) hnfn¨p hcpt¯­ hyàn Hfnhn t]mIpsat¶m  Asæn ka³kn ]dbpw {]Imcw {]hÀ¯n¡nsÃt¶m tImSXnbv¡v t_m[ys¸Sp¶ ]£w

_n) ka³kv kab¯n\v Xs¶ \S¯nbn«pw \S¯s¸« hyàn \ymbamb ImcW§fnÃmsX lmPcmImXncp¶mÂ

ka³kpw hmdâpw X½nepff hyXymksa´v

ka³kv	hmd³dv
Hcp hyàntbmSv tImSXnbv¡v ap¼msI lmPcmIWsa¶v \nÀt±in¨psIm­v tImSXn Abbv¡p¶ \nÀt±iamWv ka³kv	Hcp hyànsb tImSXnbv¡v ap¼msI lmPcm¡Wsa¶v \nÀtZin¨psIm­v tImSXn t]meokn\v Abbv¡p¶ D¯chmWv hmdâv

Pmayw F¶mse´v ?

sk£³ 436 apXÂ 450 hsc

{Inan\ \S]Sn \nba¯n Pmay¯n\v \nÀÆN\w \ÂInbn«nÃ.  tImSXn Bhiys¸St¼mÄ tImSXn Bhiys¸Sp¶ kab¯pw Øe¯pw lmPcmbns¡mffmsa¶ hyhØbn Hcmsf \nba]camb IÌUbn \n¶v hnSpX sN¿p¶Xn\mWv Pmayw F¶p ]dbp¶Xv.

Hcmsf AdÌv sN¿p¶Xnsâ  Gähpw {][m\ e£yw F³IzbdnbpsS kab¯pw hnNmcWbpw kab¯pw in£ \ÂIp¶Xn\pw Ipähmfnsb¶v kwibn¡p¶ hyànbpsS km¶n²yw Dd¸m¡pI  F¶pffXmWv. F¶m HcmÄ IpähmfnbmsW¶v sXfnbn¡s¸Sp¶Xp B hyànbpsS kzmX{´yhpw AtXmsSm¸w Xs¶ \oXnbpsS Xm¸cy§fpw ]qÀ¯oIcns¸tS­Xp­v. Cu Imcy§fmWv PmayhyhØbneqsS ]men¡s¸Sp¶Xv. Ipähmfnsb¶p kwibn¡p¶bmsf _eambn sIm­phcmsX Xs¶ Bhiys¸Spt¼mÄ AbmÄ kzbw lmPcmhpIbmsW¦n \oXnbpsS Xm¸cyhpw hyànbpsS kzmX{´yhpw kwc£n¡s¸Sp¶p. CXmWv PmayhyhØbpsS e£yw

        bmYmÀ°¯n Hcmsf Pmay¯n hnSpt¼mÄ AbmÄ tImSXnbpsS IÌUnbnemsW¶v IW¡m¡s¸Sp¶p. tImSXn Pmayw \ntj[n¨Xn\ptijhpw Pmay¯n\pff At]£ kaÀ¸n¡mhp¶XmWv.

Pmayw AhImiambn«pff kmlNcy§Ä GsXÃmamWv ?

F) AdÌv sN¿s¸«bmÄs¡Xnsc t\m¬ sImssákn_nÄ IpäIrXyw Btcm]n¡s¸Sm¯ kmlNcy§fnÂ

Hcmsf hmdânÃmsX AdÌv sN¿pIbpw F¶m AbmÄs¡Xnsc t\m¬ sImssákn_nÄ IpäIrXyw Btcm]n¡s¸Sm¯ kmlNcy§fp­mhpIbpw Pmayw FSp¡p¶Xn\v AbmÄ X¿mdmhpIbpamsW¦n Abmsf IÌUnbn h¨n«pff t]meokv Hm^oktdm tImSXntbm AbmÄ¡v Pmayw \ÂtI­XmWv.  t]meokv Hm^okÀt¡m   tImSXnt¡m bpàsa¶p tXm¶p¶]£w  aäp Pmay¡mÀ¡v th­n Im¯ncn¡msX {]Xnsb AbmfpsS kz´w Pmay¯nepw hnSmhp¶XmWv.  Pmayw A\phZn¡mhp¶ tIkpIfnseÃmw Cu \S]Sn{Ia§Ä ]men¡mhp¶XmWv.

{]Xnsb Pmay¯n hnSpt¼mÄ t]meokv Hm^oktdm tImSXntbm AbmÄ¡v Pmayw  \ÂInbXn\pff ImcW§Ä tcJs¸Spt¯­XmWv.

Pmay¯n hnSmhp¶Xpw AÃm¯Xpamb tIkpIsf¡pdn¨v {Inan\ \S]Sn \nba¯nse H¶mw ]«nIbn sImSp¯n«p­v. 

ta hyhØbn Pmay A\phZn¡s¸«bmÄ Pmay hyhØIÄ ewLn¡pIbmsW¦n tImSXnb¡v Pmayw \ntj[n¡mhp¶XmWv.   (sk£³ 436 (2)

Pmay¯n\mbn Bhiys¸Sp¶ t_m­nsâ XpI A\ymbamIm³ ]mSnà F¶v sk£³ 436 (1)  {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p. tIknsâ kz`mhhpw kmlNcy§fpw ]cnKWn¨mbncn¡Ww XpI \nÝbnt¡­Xv. t]meokv Hm^oktdm tImSXntbm Bhiys¸«n«pff t_m­nse XpI Ipd¨psImSp¡phm³ sslt¡mSXn¡pw skjv³kv tImSXnbv¡pw A[nImcap­v. sk£³ 436 (2)  sk£³ 436 (1) {]Imcw Pmayw \ntj[n¨Xns\Xnsc A¸o kaÀ¸n¡phm³ hyhØbnsænepw  sk£³ 439 {]Imcw  sslt¡mSXnbntem skj³kv tImSXnbntem Pmay¯n\mbn kao]n¡mw. sk£³ 439 {]Imcw Pmayw A\phZn¨Xn ]n¶oSv t]meokv Hm^okÀ Hcmsf IÌUnbn h¨m B Hm^okÀ sF.]n.kn. 342  ]dbp¶ A\ymb XS¦en hbv¡pI F¶ Ipäw sNbvXXmbn IW¡m¡p¶XmWv.

Pmayw e`nbv¡m\hImianÃm¯ IpäIrXyw \S¯nb BÄ¡v Pmayw e`nbv¡ptam  ?

        Pmayw In«m\hImianÃm¯ IpäIrXyw \S¯nb Bfn\v Xmsg¸dbp¶ hyhØIÄ A\pkcn¨v Pmayw e`nbv¡p¶XmWv

1.                             h[in£tbm Poh]cy´w XSthm in£ hn[n¡mhp¶ Hcp Ipäw \S¯nsb¶v \ymbambn kwibn¡s¸Smhp¶ Hcmsf Pmay¯n hnSm³ aPnkvt{S«n\v A[nImcanÃ.

2.                            ta¸dª Ipä§fpÄs¸sS FÃm Ipä§fpsS Imcy¯nepw Ipähmfnsb Pmay¯n hnSm³ skj³kv tImSXnbv¡pw sslt¡mSXnbv¡pw A[nImcap­v.

3.                            h[in£tbm Poh]cy´w XSthm in£ hn[n¡mhp¶ Ipä§Ä Hgn¨pff Ipä§Ä \S¯nbXmbn Btcm]Whnt[b\mbncn¡p¶ hyànsb aPnkvt{S«n\v Pmay¯n hnSmhp¶XmWv. F¶m A§s\ hn«psImffWsa¶v \nÀ_ÔanÃ. F¶m Pmayw e`nbv¡mhp¶ IpäwIrXyw \S¯nbXmbn Btcm]Whnt[b\mbncn¡p¶ hyànbpsS Imcy¯n Pmayw A\phZn¡Wsa¶pffXv \nÀ_ÔamWv.

4.                            Pmayw e`nbv¡mhp¶ IpäwIrXyw \S¯nbXmb  16 hbÊn Xmsg {]mbapffhscbpw kv{XoIsfbpw tcmKtam AhiXtbm Dffhscbpw Pmay¯n hnSmhp¶XmWv.

5.                            km£nIsfs¡m­v {]Xnsb Xncn¨dnbnt¡­Xntebv¡v {]Xnsb Bhiyaps­¶ ImcW¯nsâ ASnØm\¯n am{Xw Pmayw \nckn¡phm³ ]mSnÃ.

6.                            C³Uy³ in£m \nbaw 6, 16, 17 F¶o A²ymb§fn ]dbp¶ IpäIrXy§sfm Ggp sImÃtam A[ne[nItam  XShp in£ e`nbv¡mhp¶ Ipä§tfm BWv \S¯nbsX¦n tImSXnbv¡v bpàsa¶v tXm¶p¶ Nne hyhØIÄ¡v hnt[bambn Pmayw A\phZn¡mhp¶XmWv.  Cu hyhØIÄ t`ZKXn sN¿p¶Xn\v sslt¡mSXnbv¡pw skj³kv tImSXnbv¡pw A[nImcap­v. Pmay¯n hn« Hcmsf ho­pw AdÌv sN¿p¶Xn\pw IÌUnbn FSp¡p¶Xn\pw D¯chnSm³ sslt¡mSXnbv¡pw skj³kv tImSXnbv¡pw A[nImcap­v.

Pmay XpI F{]ImcamWv \nÝbn¡p¶Xv ?

PmayXpI F{Xbmbncn¡Wsa¶v \nÝbn¡p¶Xv Pmayw A\phZn¡p¶ A[nImcnbpsS hnthN\m[nImcw D]tbmKn¨mWv.  Pmayw \n¡p¶ Bfn\v AXn\pff AÀlXbpw kz¯papt­m F¶v t_m[ys¸Sp¶Xn\v tImSXnIÄ¡v kXyhmMvaqew sXfnhmbn kzoIcn¡mw.  bpàsa¶v tXm¶p¶ At\zW§Ä \S¯pIbpw sN¿mw.

Pmayw \n¶bmÄ¡v PmayNpaXebn \n¶pw HgnhmIm\mIptam ?

 444 (1)

        {]Xnsb tImSXnbn lmPcm¡phm³ Gänäpff Pmay¡mc\v sk£³ 444 hIp¸\pkcn¨v PmayNpaXebn \n¶pw hnSpX In«p¶Xn\v GXp kab¯pw tImSXn ap³]msI At]£ t_m[n¸n¡mhp¶XmWv.  At]£ e`n¨p Ignªm Pmay¯n hn« Bfns\ AdÌv sNbvXp tImSXnbn lmPcm¡phm³ hmdâv D¯chv ]pds¸Sphnt¡­XmWv. {]Xnsb hmdâv {]Imcw AdÌv sNbvXpsIm­phcnItbm {]Xn kzbw lmPcmhpItbm sNbvXm Pmay¡mcs\ NpaXebn \n¶v Hgnhm¡pIbpw ]pXnb Pmay¡msc lmPcm¡m¯ ]£w {]Xnsb Pbnentebv¡v Abbv¡p¶XpamWv.

Pmay¡mc³ acn¨pt]mhpItbm \nÀ²\\mbn¯ocpItbm sN¿p¶ kµÀ`§fnepff \S]SnIsfs´ÃmamWv ?

 (sk£³ 446)

Pmay¡mc³ acWs¸SpItbm Asæn \nÀ²\\mbn¯ocpItbm sN¿pt¼mÄ GXp tImSXnbpsS D¯chv {]ImcamtWm t_m­v hm§nbXv B tImSXnbvt¡m H¶mw Ivfmkv aPnkvt{S«nt\m BZy D¯chnse \nÀt±im\pkcWw ]pXnb Pmayw \ÂIm³ {]XntbmSv Bhiys¸Smhp¶XmWv. {]Xn A{]Imcw {]hÀ¯n¡p¶nÃmsb¦n {]Xnsb PbneneSbv¡mhp¶XmWv.

{]Xn ssa\dmbncn¡p¶ kµÀ`§fn PmayhyhØ F{]ImcamWv ? (sk£³ 448)

{]Xn ssa\dmsW¦n Pmay¡mc³ am{Xw H¸n« t_m­v DtZymKØt\m tImSXnbvt¡m kzoIcn¡mhp¶XmWv.

Pmay hyhØIÄ ewLn¨m ]ng CuSm¡p¶Xv F{]ImcamWv ?

Pmayw FSp¯Xn\v tijw Pmay hyhØIÄ ]men¡msX h¶m  PmayXpI  sI«nhbv¡p¶Xn\v t_m­v FgpXnsImSp¯ hyàn¡v t\m«okv Abbv¡pIbpw X¡Xmb kam[m\w t_m[n¸n¡m¯ ]£w ]ng sI«nhbv¡m³ D¯chnSp¶XpamWv. ]ng AS¨nsæn ]ng in£ CuSm¡p¶ \S]Sn{Ia§Ä {]Imcw XpI hkqem¡p¶XmWv.

Pmayw A\phZnbv¡p¶ kµÀ`§fn {]Xn PbnenemsW¦nepff \S]Snsb´v?

(sk£³ 442 (1)

Pmay¯n\pff         t_m­v H¸n« DS³ Xs¶ {]Xnsb tamNn¸nt¡­XmWv.

{]Xn PbnenemsW¦n Pmayw A\phZn¡p¶ tImSXn Pbnensâ NmÀÖpff DtZymKØ\v hntamN\ D¯chv \ÂtI­Xpw A{]Imcw B DtZymKس {]Xntb tamNn¸nt¡­XpamIp¶p.

ap³IqÀ Pmayw F¶mse´v

 sk£³ 438

Pmayw e`nbv¡m¯ Hcp IpäIrXyw Xsâ ta Npa¯n Xs¶ AdÌv sNbvtX¡m\nSbps­¶v Bsc¦nepw IcpXp¶ ]£w ap³IqÀ Pmay¯n\mbn skj³kv tImSXnbntem sslt¡mSXnbntem At]£ kaÀ¸n¡pIbpw AXp{]Imcw _Ôs¸« tImSXn hnthN\m[nImcw {]Imcw ]pds¸Sphn¡p¶ D¯chmWv ap³IqÀ Pmayw. . Hcp hyàn AdÌnemIp¶Xn\p ap¼v Xs¶ Abmsf Pmay¯n hnSm³ ]pds¸Sphn¡p¶ D¯chmWnXv.  sk£³ 438  bYmÀ°¯n ap³IqÀ Pmays¯¡pdn¨Ã {]Xn]mZn¡p¶Xv. Hcmsf AdÌv sN¿pt¼mÄ Abmsf Pmay¯n hnSm\pff Hcp D¯chv am{XamW. v  AdÌnemIm¯ hyànbv¡v Pmayw BhiyanÃtÃm. AXpsIm­v AdÌv sN¿s¸Spt¼mÄ am{Xta B D¯chv {]m_ey¯n hcpIbpffq.

kzm[o\apff hyànIÄ AhcpsS i{Xp¡sf A]am\n¡p¶Xn\pth­ntbm Asæn AhcpsS kmao]yw Ipd¨p Imet¯¡v CÃmXm¡p¶Xn\pth­ntbm  Ifft¡kn IpSp¡n PbneneSbv¸n¡p¶Xn\pff  km[yXXIÄ D­mIm\nSbp­v. C¯cw km[yXXIÄ CÃmXm¡p¶Xn\v th­nbmWv ap³IqÀ Pmayw hyhØ \S¸nem¡nbn«pffXv.

C{]Imcw ap³IqÀ Pmayw e`nbv¡pt¼mÄ  B D¯chn Xmsg sImSp¯ncn¡p¶ hyhØIÄ D­mbncn¡pw

1.                                          At\zjW DtZymKØsâ ap¶n Bhiys¸Spt¼msgÃmw lmPcmbns¡mffmw

2.                                         tIknsâ hkvXpXIÄ Adnbmhp¶ GsX¦nepw hyànsb  B hnhc§Ä tImSXnbptStbm At\zjW DtZymKØsâtbm ap¼msI shfns¸Sp¯p¶Xv hne¡p¶Xn\mbn t\cnt«m {]tNmZ\w/`ojWn hgntbm ]n³Xncn¸n¡p¶Xn\v {ian¡pIbnÃ

3.                                         tImSXnbpsS ap³Iq«nbpff A\phmZanÃmsX C³Uy hnSpIbnÃ

4.                                         km[mcW Pmayw e`nbv¡p¶ hIp¸n Bbncp¶psh¦n B hIp¸n D­mIpambncp¶ D]m[nIfpw bpàsa¶p tXm¶p¶psh¦n DÄs¸Sp¯mhp¶XmWv

      

dnhnj\pw A¸oepw X½nepff hyXymksa´v ?

 Distinguish between appeal and revision

{Inan\ tIkpIfn hnNmcW sNbvX tImSXn sImSp¯ in£ A]cym]vXamsW¶v kÀ¡mcn\v tXm¶nbm sslt¡mXSnbn A¸o t_m[n¸n¡mhp¶XmWv.  A¸o tImSXntbm hnNmcW sNbvX BZys¯ tImSXntbm {]Xntb shdpsX hn«m kÀ¡mcn\v sslt¡mSXnbn A¸o _m[n¸n¡mw. Hcp kzImcy hyàn sImSp¯ ]cmXnbpsS ASnØm\¯nemWv tIkv ^ben kzoIcn¨sX¦n {]Xnsb shdpsX hn«m A¸o sN¿p¶Xn\v {]sXyIm\paXn Bhiys¸«psIm­v ]cmXn¡mc\ sslt¡mSXnsb kao]n¡mw.  {]Xnsb shdpsX hnSp¶Xns\Xncmbn sslt¡mSXnbn sImSp¡p¶ A¸oen {]Xnsb h[in£bvt¡m Poh]cy´w \Shnt\m, ]t¯m AXne[nItam hÀj§Ä XShnt\m in£n¨m kp{]ow tImSXnbn A¸o sImSp¡mw. 

{Inan\ tImSXnbpsS GsX¦nepw Xocpam\tam D¯cthm icnbmtWm, \nbahncp²amtWm, A\pNnXamtWm F¶pw \S]Sn{Ia§fn A]mIXbpt­m F¶pw ]cntim[n¨p XoÀ¸p I¸n¡p¶Xn\v sslt¡mSXn¡pw skj³kv tImSXn¡pw A[nImcw sImSp¯n«p­v.  CXn\v dnhnj³ A[nImcw F¶p ]dbp¶p.

in£mhn[n eLqIcn¡Â F¶mse´v ?

HcmÄ¡v Npas¯s¸« in£ kapNnX Kh¬saân\v in£bv¡v hn[n¡s¸«n«pff BfpsS k½Xw IqSmsX eLqIcn¡m³ AhImiap­v. Xmsg sImSp¯ncn¡p¶ hn[¯n in£ eLqIcn¡mhp¶XmWv.

1.         acWin£mhn[n¨ tIkn acW in£ sF.]n.knbnse atäsX¦nepw in£bv¡pffXmtbm

2.        Poh]cy´w XShv in£ hn[n¨ tIkn in£ 14 hÀj¯n Ihnbm¯ Imet¯¡pff XShnt\m ]ngbvt¡m DffXmtbm

3.        ITn\ XShn\pff in£ hn[n¨ tIkn  Abmsf GXp Iemt¯bv¡pff shdpw \Shnt\m ]ngbvt¡m DffXmtbm

4.        shdpw XShn\pff in£ hn[n¨v tIkn in£ , ]ngbv¡pffXmtbm eLqIcn¡mhp¶XmWv.

d^d³kv F¶mse´v ?

Hcp tImSXn ap¼msI \ne\n¡p¶ tIkv GsX¦nepw \nba¯nsâtbm HmÀUn\³knsâtbm dKptejsâtbm Asæn Ahbn AS§nbncn¡p¶ hyhØbptStbm km[pXsb kw_Ôn¨pw tIknsâ Xocpam\¯n\v  Bhiyambn«pffXmWv F¶v t_m[ys¸SpIbpw {]kvXpX hyhØIÄ Akp[phmsWt¶m {]hÀ¯\ iq\yamsWt¶m A`n{]mbap­mbncn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶ kmlNcy¯n AXn\pff ImcW§Ä ImWnNvNv Hcp tÌävsaâv Hm^v ^mIvSkv X¿mdm¡pIbpw AXv sslt¡mSXbpsS Xocpam\¯n\v hnSp¶Xn\mWv d^d³kv F¶p ]dbp¶Xv.. ta Xc¯nepff d^d³kv X¿mdm¡p¶ tImSXn GXp sslt¡mSXnbpsS IognemtWm B sslt¡mSXnbn thWw d^À sNt¿­Xv.  {Inan\ \S]Sn \nba¯nse sk£³ 395 {]Imcw Iogv tImSXnbv¡v sslt¡mSXnbntebv¡v d^d³kv \ÂIm\pff A[nImcap­v

ta ]dª {]Imcw d^À sN¿p¶ tIÊn AXn³ta Dff sslt¡mSXnbpsS Xocpam\w D­mIp¶Xphsc {]Xnsb Pbnentebv¡v Abbv¡mt\m Asæn Bhiys¸Spt¼mÄ lmPcmImsa¶ hyhØbn Pmayw \ÂImt\m d^À sN¿p¶ tImSXnbv¡v A[nImcap­mbncn¡pw.

sslt¡mSXnbv¡v d^À sNbvX tIkn sslt¡mSXn bpàamb Xocpam\saSp¡Ww. Xocpam\¯nsâ ]IÀ¸v d^À sNbvX tImSXnbv¡v Ab¨psImSp¡Ww. sslt¡mSXnbpsS D¯chn\v A\pcq]ambn d^À sNbvX tImSXn tIkn XoÀ¸v I¸n¡pw.

d^d³knsâ tImSXn sNehv sImSpt¡­Xv BcmsW¶v sslt¡mSXnbv¡v \nÀt±in¡mhp¶XmWv.

d^d³kv \ÂIWsa¦n Xmsg sImSp¯n«pff kmlNcy§Ä D­mbncn¡Ww.

1.         tIkv Iogv tImSXnbn s]ân§mbncn¡Ww

2.        B tIkv GsX¦nepw \nba¯nsâtbm, HmÀUn\³knsâtbm, dKptejsâtbm \nbakm[pXXsb¡pdnt¨m Asæn GsX¦nepw GsX¦nepw \nba¯nsâtbm, HmÀUn\³knsâtbm, dKptejsâtbm s{]mhnjs\¡pdnt¨m Dff tNmZyw Dbcp¶nS¯v

3.        A¯c¯nepfhmIp¶ kwibw sslt¡mSXn Akm[phmbn {]Jym]n¡psa¶v IogvtImSXn IcpXnbncn¡Ww. F¶m CtX hnjb¯n kp{]ow tImSXn t\cs¯ Xs¶ Akm[phmbn {]Jym]n¨n«ps­¦n ho­pw d^d³kn\v Abbv¡m³ ]mSnÃ.

dnhnj³ F¶mse´v ?

sslt¡mSXnbvt¡m skj³kv tImSXnbvt¡m AXnsâ A[nImc]cn[n¡pffn ØnXn sN¿p¶ GsX¦nepw IogvtImSXnbpsS dn¡mÀtUm D¯chpItfm XoÀt¸m in£mhn[ntbm icnbmsWt¶m DNnXamsWt¶m F¶v ]cntim[n¡m³ th­n Bhiys¸Smhp¶XmWv. sslt¡mSXnbvt¡m skj³kv tImSXnbvt¡m Dff Cu A[nImc¯n\mWv dnhnj³ F¶p ]dbp¶Xv.  A§s\bpff dn¡mÀUv Bhiys¸Spt¼mÄ GsX¦nepw in£mhn[ntbm D¯cthm \S¸m¡p¶Xv kkvs]âv sN¿m\pw {]Xn XShnemsW¦n Pmay¯n hnSm\pw \nÀt±in¡mhp¶XmWv.

        dnhnj³ A[nImc§Ä CS¡me D¯chv kw_Ôn¨v {]tbmKn¡phm³ ]mSnÃ.

        GsX¦nepw hyàn ta hyhØ {]Imcw sslt¡mSXnbntet¡m skj³kv tImSXnbntebvt¡m At]£ sImSp¯n«ps­¦n ho­pw AtX BfpsS At]£ skj³kv tImSXntbm sslt¡mSXntbm kzoIcn¡m³ ]mSnÃ.

sslt¡mSXnbvt¡m skj³kv sImSXnbvt¡m dnhnj³ A[nImc§Ä {]tbmKn¡p¶Xn\mbn dn¡mÀUv ]cntim[n¡p¶Xn³tatem Asæn aäp hn[¯ntem Hcp tIknsâ XpSÀ¶pff At\zjW hnNmcW No^v PpUojy aPnkvt{S«v t\cnt«m Asæn At±l¯n\v Iognepff GsX¦nepw aPnkvt{S«v hgntbm \S¯m³ \nÀt±in¡mhp¶XmWv. No^v PpUojy aPnkvt{S«n\v AXv t\cn«v \S¯pItbm GsX¦nepw Iogv aPnkvt{S«ns\ \S¯m³ \nÀt±in¡pItbm sN¿mhp¶XmWv.

        {]Xnbvt¡m aämÄt¡m Xsâ kz´w {]XnhmZ¯n ]dbm\pffXv t\cnt«m h¡oÂapJm´nctam ]dbm³ Ahkcw e`nbv¨n«nÃm¯ ]£w AbmÄ¡v  {]XnIqeambn Cu hyhØbn Iogn bmsXmcp D¯chpw \ÂIm³ ]mSnÃ.

        Hcp tIkn A¸o D­mbncns¡ A¸o \ÂImXncn¡pIbpw XpSÀ¶v  I£n dnhj\v At]£ \ÂIpIbpw sNbvXm AXv ]cnKWn¡pIbnÃ.

NmÀÖv (Charge) F¶m F´v ? NmÀÖv sN¿p¶Xn\pw NmÀÖn amä§Ä hcp¯p¶Xn\papff N«§Ä Fs´Ãmw ?

efnXambn ]dªm Hcp hyànbpsS ta Ipäw Npa¯emWv NmÀÖv. Ipäw sNbvX hyànbpsS t]À¡v HutZymKnIambn tcJmaqew Ipäw Npa¯p¶ {]{InbbmWnXv

        {Inan\ \S]Sn \nba{]Imcapff GXp hnNmcWbpsSbpw  Bcw`¯n Xs¶ Ipähmfnsb AbmÄ sNbvX Ipä§sf¡pdn¨pff hnhc§Ä Adnbn¨ncnt¡­XmWv. skj³kv, tImSXnbptStbm aPnkvt{S«v tImSXnbptStbm ap¼msI \S¯s¸Sp¶   hmd­v tIknsâ hnNmcWbv¡v ap¼mbn tcJmaqeapff Ipä]{Xw BZyta Xs¶ Ipähmfnsb¶v kwibn¡s¸S¶bmÄ¡v \ÂInbncnt¡­XmWv. ka³kv tIknsâ hnNmcWbv¡v HutZymKnIambn tcJmaqeapff NmÀÖv \ÂInbncn¡Wsa¶v \nÀ_ÔanÃ. AXn\v ]Icw Ipähmfnsb¶v kwibn¡s¸S¶bmÄ¡v  AbmÄ sNbvXXmbn IcpXs¸Sp¶ IpäIrXy¯nsâ hnhcWw \ÂInbm aXn.

Hcp Ipä]{X¯n (Charge sheet)  GsXÃmw LSI§Ä D­mbncn¡Ww  ?

{Inan\ \S]Sn \nba¯nse sk£³ 211 apX 214 hsc Ipä]{X¯ntâ DffS¡§sf¡pdn¨v {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p.  AX\pkcn¨v

1.               FÃm Ipä]{X¯nepw Ipähmfnsb¶v kwibn¡s¸S¶bmÄ sNbvXXmb Ipäs¯¡pdn¨v ]dªncnt¡­XmWv

2.              B IpäIrXy¯n\v \nba¯n Fs´¦nepw t]À ]dªn«ps­¦n NmÀÖn B Ipä¯nsâ t]cv am{Xw sImSp¯ncn¶m aXn.

3.              F¶m B IpäIrXy¯n\v \nba¯n t]À sImSp¯n«nÃmsb¦n Ipähmfnbv¡v Xm³ sNbvX Ipä¯nsâ Imcyw a\Ênem¡p¶Xn\mbn hni±oIcWw sImSp¯ncnt¡­XmWv.

4.              GXp \nba{]ImcamWv AbmfpsS {]hÀ¯n Ipäambn IW¡m¡nbn«pffsX¶pw B IpäIrXyw \nba{]Imcw  GXp hpIp¸n s]Spsa¶pw Ipä]{X¯n hyàam¡nbncnt¡­XmWv.

5.              IpäIrXyw \S¯nbXmbn ]dbp¶ Øehpw kabhpw BÀs¡XnscbmWv \S¯nbn«pffsX¶pw Asæn F´ns\XnscbmWv \S¯nbn«pffsX¶pw Ipä]{X¯n hyàam¡nbncnt¡­XmWv.

6.              Ipämtcm]nX\mb hyàn ap³]v hà IpäIrXy§Ä \S¯nbn«ps­¦n IpäIrXy§fpsS hnhc§fpw  Ipä]{X¯n sImSp¯ncnt¡­XmWv. C¡mcyw tNÀ¯m³ hn«pt]mbn«ps­¦n in£ hn[n¡p¶Xn\v ap¼mbn GXp kab¯pw B hnhcw tNÀ¡mhp¶XmWv.

7.              tImSXnbpsS `mjbnemWv Ipä]{Xw X¿mdmt¡­Xv.

Ipä]{X¯nsâ ]p\{IaoIcWw     216(1)

hn[n {]kvXmhn¡p¶Xn\v ap¼v GsX¦nepw Ipä]{X¯n amäw hcp¯mt\m Iq«ntNÀ¡mt\m {Inan\ \S]Sn \nba¯nse sk£³ 216(1) {]Imcw tImSXnbv¡v A[nImcap­v.

Ipä]{X¯n amäw hcp¯pItbm Iq«ntNÀ¡epIÄ \S¯pItbm sN¿p¶ Ahkc¯n Xmsg ]dbp¶ \S]Sn{Ia§Ä ]men¨ncnt¡­XmWv.

1. amäw hcp¯nbtXm Iq«nt¨À¯Xtbm Bb Imcy§Ä {]Xn¡v hmbn¨p tIĸn¨p sImSp¡pIbpw hni±oIcn¨p sImSp¡pIbpw sNbvXncnt¡­XmWv.. A{]Imcw sNbvXn«nÃmsb¦n AXv \nbahncp²ambn IW¡m¡p¶XmWv.  t``KXnsb¡pdn¨v {]Xn Adnªncnt¡­Xp­v F¶psIm­mWnXv
2. amäw hcp¯nbtXm Iq«nt¨À¯Xtbm Bb Imcy§Ä tIknsâ {]Xntcm[s¯tbm t{]mknIyqjs\bpw _m[n¡p¶nÃmsb¦n hnNmcW DS³ Xs¶  XpS§mhp¶Xpw hnNcW thfbn amä§Ä hcp¯mhp¶XpamWv. BbXn\m ]pXpXmbn Hcp NmÀÖv \ÂtI­Xmbn«v hcp¶nÃ. F¶m  FXp L«w apX¡mtWm amäw hcp¯nbXv B L«sa¯pt¼mÄ  amäw hp¯p¶Xn\\pkcn¨mbncn¡Ww apt¶m«v t]mtI­Xv
3. amäw hcp¯nbtXm Iq«nt¨À¯Xtbm Bb Imcy§Ä tIknsâ {]Xntcm[s¯tbm t{]mknIyqjs\bpw _m[n¡p¶psh¦n hnNmcW amän hbv¡pItbm ]p\À hnNmcW \S¯pItbm sNbvXncnt¡­XmWv.
4. {Sb Bcw`n¨Xn\p tijw NmÀÖn amäw hcp¯pItbm Iq«nt¨À¡pItbm sNbvXm Ipähmfnsbbpw t{]mknIyqjs\bpw GsX¦nepw km£nIsf CXn\Iw hnkvXmcw \S¯nbn«ps­MIn B km£nsbbpw A{]Imcw amäw hcp¯nbn«pff Imcy§Ä ]cntim[n¡phm³ A\phZnt¡­Xpw C\nbpw IqSpXembn GsX¦nepw km£nIsf hnkvXcnt¡­Xmbn«ps­¶v tImSXnbv¡v tXm¶p¶]vIjw B km£nsbbpw hnkvXcnt¡­XmWv. km£nIsf ]p\À hnkvXcn¡Wtam F¶pffXv \nÀ_ÔaÃ.

hnkvXmcw XpS§n¡gnªXn ]ns¶bmWv Ipä]{X¯n amäw hcp¯nbsX¦n tIkntâ \S¯n¸n\v ImeXmakw hcp¯n\mbn«mWv km£nIsf ]p\ÀhnNmcW \S¯m\pw aäpw ho­pw hnfn¨phcp¯p¶Xn\pff At]£ \ÂIp¶Xv F¶v tImSXnbv¡v t_m[yapff ]£w tImSXnbv¡v Cu Bhiyw \ncmIcn¡mhp¶XmWv.

hnhn[ Ipä§Ä¡v H¶n¨v Hcp Ipä]{Xw \ÂIÂ

HcmÄ sN¿p¶ hyXyØ IpäIrXy§Ä¡v shtÆsd Ipä]{Xw \ÂtI­Xpw B Hmscm Ipä§Ä¡pw shtÆsd hnNmcW \St¯­XpamWv. F¶m Cu \nba¯n\v Nne A]hmZ§Ä D­v. {Inan\ \S]Sn \nba¯nse sk£³ 218 apX 244 hsc hnhn[ IpäIrXy§Ä¡v H¶n¨v Ipä]{Xw \ÂIp¶Xns\¡pdn¨v {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p.

1. Ipäw Npa¯s¸«bmÄ tcJmaqew At]£n¡pIbpw A§s\ sN¿p¶XpsIm­v tIknsâ \S]SnIÄ¡v bmsXmcp tIm«hpw X«pIbnsöv aPnkvt{S«n\v t_m[ys¸SpIfbpw sN¿pIbmsW¦n AbmÄs¡Xnscbpff FÃm Ipä§tfm Asæn GsX¦nepw NnetXm H¶n¨m¡n Ipä]{Xw \ÂIm³ aPnkvt{S«n\v A[nImcap­v.
2. Hcp hÀj¯n\pffn Htc Xc¯nepff IqSpX IpäIrXy§Ä NmÀÖv sN¿s¸«n«pffbhkc¯nÂ

HcmÄ 12 amk¯n\pffn HtcXc¯nepff IqSpX Ipä§Ä sNbvXXmbn Btcm]n¡s¸Sp¶ Ahkc¯n AXn aq¶n IqSmsXbpff Ipä§Ä H¶m¡n Ipä]{Xw \ÂIn hnNmcW \S¯mhp¶XmWv. sNbvXn«pff IpäIrXy§Ä Htc Xc¯nepffXpw B IpäIrXyw sNbvXXn\v \nba{]Imcw Htc Xc¯nepff XpI ]ngbmbn \ÂImhp¶Xpw Bbncn¡Ww

3. Hcp {]hÀ¯\¯n\nSbv¡v sN¿s¸Sp¶ H¶ntesd IpäIrXy§Ä

XpSÀ¨bmbpff Hcp {]hÀ¯\¯n\nSbv¡v Hcmfm Xs¶ H¶nse IpäIr§Ä \S¯ps¸SpIbmsW¦n {]tXyIw {]tXyIw Ipä]{X§Ä \ÂtI­Xpw FÃm Ipä§Ä¡pw IqSn Hcp hnNmcW \S¯mhp¶XpamWv

DZmþ kn F¶ t]meokpImcsâ \nba]camb IÌUnbnepff _n F¶bmsf F c£s¸Sp¯p¶p. C§s\ sN¿p¶Xn\nSbv¡v F t]meokpImc\v ITn\amb tZtlm]{Zhw D­m¡p¶p. ChnsS F bpsS ta sk£³ 225, 333 F¶o hIp¸pIÄ {]Imcw Ipäw Npa¯pIbpw Hä hnNmcW \S¯pIbpw sN¿p¶p.

4. HcmÄ  IpäIcamb hnizmkewL\w \S¯nbXmtbm NXnhmbn kz¯v Xncnadn \S¯nbXmtbm 
5. Hcp {]hÀ¯nbn hyXyØ \nÀÆN\§fn hcp¶ IpäIrXy§Ä

HcmÄ sN¿p¶ IpäIcamb {]hÀ¯n hyXyØ \nba§fn hyXyØ \nÀÆN\¯n hcp¶psh¦n  A¯cw Ipä§Ä¡v {]tXyIw Ipä]{Xw  \ÂtI­Xpw FÃm Ipä§Ä¡pw IqSn Hä hnNmcW \S¯mhp¶XpamWv

DZm. F  F¶bmÄ hSnsIm­v _n F¶bmsf ASnbv¡p¶p. ChnsSb F sb sk£³ 352 {]Imcw IpäIcamb _e{]tbmK¯n\pw sk£³ 323 {]Imcw a\]qÀÆw tZtlm]{Zhw F¸n¨Xn\pw {]tXyIw Ipä]{Xw \ÂIn FÃm Ipä§Ä¡pw IqSn Hä hnNmcW \S¯mhp¶XpamWv.

6. HcmÄ Hcp {]hÀ¯\¯n\nSbv¡v ]eXc¯nepff IpäIrXy§Ä sNbvXm Hmtcm IpäIrXy§Ä¡pw {]tXyIw Ipä]{Xw \ÂIn H¶n¨v hnNmcW sN¿mhp¶XmWv.

DZm. F _n F¶bmsf sImffbSn¡p¶p. C§s\ sN¿p¶Xn\nSbv¡v _n sb tZtlm]{Zhta¸n¡p¶p. Fbv¡v hyXyØ Ipä]{X§Ä \ÂIn ( sk£³ 323, 392, 394 ) H¶n¨v hnNmcW sN¿mhp¶XmWv.

7. F´p Xc¯nepff IpäIrXyamWv sNbvXn«pffXv F¶v kwibw D­mIp¶bhkc¯nÂ

HcmÄ Hcp {]hÀ¯nbntem Asæn XpSÀ¨bmb {]hÀ¯n\§fmtem hnhn[ IpäIrXy¯nteÀs¸SpIbpw  F¶m {]Xn GXp IpäamWv sNbvXn«pffXv F¶v kwibap­mIpIbpw sN¿p¶ kµÀ`§fn {]Xnsb FÃm Ipä§Ä¡pw IqSntbm Asæn GsX¦nepw Hcp Ipä¯nt\m NmÀÖv sImSp¡mhp¶Xpw AhsbÃmw H¶n¨v hnNmcW sN¿mhp¶XpamWv. C§s\ Hcp Ipä¯n\v NmÀÖv sNbvX kµÀ`§fn {]Xn asämcp Ipäw IqSn sNbvXncn¡p¶Xmbn sXfnbpIbpw sN¿p¶ kµÀ`§fn A¯cw Ipä¯n\v Abmsf NmÀÖv sNbvXn«nà F¶ncn¡nepw Abmsf hnNmcW sN¿mhp¶XmWv.

DZm  F F¶bmsf tamjWw, Ifhp apX kzoIcn¡Â, hnizmkh©\, NXn, F¶o Ipä§Ä Npa¯n ta Ipä§Äs¡ÃmwIqSn NmÀÖv sImSp¡p¶p. XpSÀ¶v H¶n¨v hnNmcW sN¿pItbm Asæn Abmsf ta¸dª Hmtcm Ipä¯n\pw NmÀÖv sN¿pItbm sN¿mw.

    F¶m F sb Hcp Ipä¯n\v am{Xw NmÀÖv sNbvXv hnNmcW \S¯pt¼mÄ F asämcp Ipähpw sNbvXXmbn sXfnªm³ AbmÄ¡v B Ipä§Ä¡v NmÀÖv \ÂInbn«nÃm F¶ncp¶mepw aäv Ipä§Ä¡pw Abmsf in£n¡mhp¶XmWv. 

Nne hyànIsf H¶n¨v NmÀÖv sN¿mhp¶ kµÀ`§Ä GsXÃmamWv ?  ( Joinfer of Charges.) 218 apX 244 hscbpff sk£³

1. Htc Xc¯nepff IpäIrXyw H¶n¨v Htc kw`h¯n\Sbn sNbvXmÂ
2. Hcp IpäIrXyw sNbvXXmbn kwibn¡s¸Sp¶hcpw AXn\v t{]cn¸n¨nhcpw AXn\v {ian¨hcpambhsc
3. 12 amk¯n\pffn Iq«mbn sNbvXn«pffXpw 219 hIp¸v {]Imcw Htc Xc¯nepffXpambn H¶ne[nIw Ipä§Ä¡v NmÀÖv sImSp¡s¸«n«pffhcpamb BfpIsf
4. tamjWw , X«n¸dn, NXn, IpäIcamb A[nImc ZpÀhn\ntbmKw F¶n Ipä¯n\v NmÀÖv sImSp¯n«pff BfpIfpw AhÀ ssIhis¸Sp¯nbn«pff hkvXp kzoIcn¡pItbm Asæn AXv Hfn¸n¨p hbv¡p¶Xn\v klmbn¡pItbm AXv hn¡p¶Xn\v klmbn¡pItbm sN¿p¶Xnt\m Asæn AXn\v t{]cW \ÂIpItbm  {ian¡pItbm sNbvXn«pff BfpIsfbpw H¶n¨v hnNmcW sN¿mhp¶XmWv.

{Sb F¶mse´v ? 

. HcmÄ IpähmfnbmtWm \nc]cm[nbmtWm F¶v kwibn¡p¶nS¯v AXv \nba]cambn sXfnbn¡p¶Xn\mbn Hcp aPnkvt{S«v \S¯p¶ PpUojy \S]Sn{Ia¯n\mWv {Sb F¶p ]dbp¶X.v 

C³shÌntKj³ F¶mse´v ? 

km[mcW AÀ°¯n C³shÌntKj\pw C³Izbdnbpw Htc Imcy¯nsâ AÀ°ambn IW¡m¡s¸Smdps­¦nepw {Inan\ \S]Sn \nba¯n Ch c­n\pw hyXyØamb AÀ°amWv \ÂInbn«pffXv. C³shÌntKj³ FÃmbvt]mgpw Hcp t]meokv Hm^okdn\mtem Asæn aPnkvt{S«Ãm¯ GsX¦nepw A[nImcntbm \S¯p¶ At\zjWambncn¡psa¶mWv {Inan\ \S]Sn \nba¯n ]dbp¶Xv. sXfnhn\v th­ FÃm hn[ Imcy§fpw tiJcn¡p¶Xv C³shÌntKjsâ `mKamWv.

C³shÌntKj\n D­mbncnt¡­ {][\ LSI§Ä Fs´Ãmw ?  

6.        IpäIrXyw \S¶ Øe kµÀi\w

7.        tIknsâ kmlNcy§fpw Imcy§fpw hnebncp¯Â

8.        Ipähmfnsb¶v kwibn¡s¸Sp¶bmsf Is­¯n AdÌv sN¿Â

9.        IpäIrXyhpambn _Ôs¸« sXfnhpIÄ tiJcn¡Â

F) IpähmfnbS¡papffhsc tNmZyw sN¿pIbpw AhÀ \ÂIp¶ samgn FgpXnsbSp¡pIbpw sN¿Â

_n) C³shÌntKjt\m {Sbent\m Bhiyambnhcp¶ hkvXp¡Ä Is­Sp¡m\pff Xnc¨n \S¯Â

10.      Is­Sp¯ hkvXp¡fpsS ASnØm\¯n aPnkvt{S«v ap¼msI Hcp NmÀÖv joäv kaÀ¸n¡m\pff km[yXXIsf¡pdn¨v Xocpam\¯nse¯Â ( sk£³ 173)

C³shÌntKj\v c­v {][m\ Xe§fp­v. Ipähmfnsb¶p kwibn¡s¸Sp¶bmsf I­p]nSn¨v AdÌv sN¿pI. C³shÌntKjtâbpw C³IzbdnbpsSbpw {Sbentâbpw Bhiy¯n\mbpff hkvXp¡Ä At\zjn¨p I­p]nSn¡pI.

C³shÌntKj³ t]meokn\m  \S¯s¸Sp¶sXt¸mÄ ?

IpäIrXyw \S¶m At\zjWw \St¯­ apJy GP³kn t]meokmWv. Xmsg sImSp¯ncn¡p¶ kmlNcy§fn t]meokn\v C³shÌntKj³ \S¯mhp¶XmWv.

F) Hcp sImssákn_nÄ IpäIrXyw \S¶Xmbn GsX¦nepsamcmfn \n¶v hnhc§Ä e`nbv¡pI

_n) Bcpw hnhc§Ä X¶nsænepw  Hcp sImssákn_nÄ IpäIrXyw \S¶Xmbn t]meokn\v t_m[ys¸Sp¶ kµÀ`§fnÂ

kn) Hcp PpUojy aPnkvt{S«n \n¶v At\zjWw \S¯m\mbn D¯chv e`nbv¡p¶ kµÀ`§fn  ( sk£³ 170)

      s]mXphmbn ]dªm t\m¬ sImssákn_nÄ IpäIrXyw Hcp kzImcyImcyambn«mWv {Inan\ \S]Sn \nba¯n IcpXs¸Sp¶Xv. BbmXn\m A¡mcy¯n\mbn t]meokv GP³knsb D]tbmKs¸Spt¯­XnÃ. F¶mWv IW¡m¡p¶Xv. F¶ncp¶mepw A[nImcs¸« Hcp aPnkvt{S«v  t\m¬ sImssákn_nÄ IpäIrXyw At\zjn¡Wsa¶v t]meoknt\mSv D¯chn«m t]meokn\v AXv At\zjn¡mhp¶XmWv.

       FÃm t]meokv DtZymKØÀ¡pw tIkv At\zjn¡m³ A[nImcanÃ. Hcp t]meokv tÌjsâ NmÀÖpff DtZymKØt\m Asæn AXnt\¡mÄ DbÀ¶ DtZymKØt\m am{Xta C³shÌntKj³ \S¯m³ sk£³ 156 {]Imcw A[nImcapffq. DbÀ¶ t]meokv Hm^okÀ¡v AbmfpsS Iognepff DtZymKØs\ NpaXes¸Sp¯mhp¶XmWv. kwØm\kÀ¡mÀ C§s\ At\zjWw \S¯m³ A[nImcapff t]meokv DtZymKØcpsS dm¦v \nÝbn¡p¶XmWv.

t]meokns\ Adnbn¡m\pw klmbn¡m\papff ]ucsâ ISa

GsX¦nepw IpäIrXyw \S¶Xmbn«pff Adnhv In«nbm AXv _\[s¸« A[nImcnIsf Adnbn¡m\pff _m[yX FÃm ]uc\pap­v F¶v s]mXpth ]dbmw. CXv tIkt\zjWs¯ klmbn¡pw. {Inan\ \S]Sn \nba¯nse sk£³ 39  ]dbp¶ IpäIrXy§Ä \S¡pItbm \S¯m³ t]mhp¶Xmbn kwibn¡s¸SpItbm sN¿p¶ kmlNcy¯n A¡mcyw DS³ Xs¶ _Ôs¸« aPnkvt{S«ns\tbm t]meoknt\tbm Adnbn¨ncn¡Ww F¶pffXv ]ucsâ NpaXebmWv. F¶ncp¶mepw \ymbamb ImcW§fps­¶v t_m[ys¸Sp¶ ]£w Hcmsf Adnbn¨nà F¶ _m[yXXbn \n¶v Hgnhm¡p¶XmWv. F¶m sk£³ 39  ]dbp¶ IpäIrXy§Ä \S¡pItbm \S¯m³ t]mhp¶Xmbn kwibn¡s¸SpItbm sN¿p¶ kmlNcy¯n A¡mcyw a\]qÀÆw Adnbn¨nà F¶p sXfnªm B hyàn C³Uy³ in£m \nba¯nse sk£³ 176 Dw 202 \pw hnt[bambn in£mÀl\mWv.

C³Uy³ in£m \nba¯n sImSp¯n«pff Xmsg ]dbp¶ IpäIrXy§Ä \S¡pItbm \S¡m³ t]mhp¶Xmbn kwibn¡s¸SpItbm sN¿p¶ kmlNcy¯n A¡mcyw DS³ Xs¶ _Ôs¸« aPnkvt{S«ns\tbm t]meoknt\tbm Adnbn¨ncn¡Ww F¶pffXv ]ucsâ NpaXebmWv

1. cmPy¯ns\Xnscbpff Nne Ipä§Ä {]tXyIn¨v (sk£³ 121-þ126)
2. s]mXpPohnXNne Ipä§Ä (sk£³ 121-þ126)
3. \nbahcp²ambn {]Xn^ew ssI¸äpI (sk£³ 161-þ165 F)
4. `£W¯ntem acp¶ntem ambw tNÀ¡p¶ Ipäw (sk£³ 272-þ278 )
5. acWImcWamIp¶ IpäIrXyw (sk£³ 302-þ303 )
6. Xo{hamb Xc¯nepff tamjWw (sk£³þ 382)
7. sImff, Iq«IhÀ¨ (Decoity) (sk£³ 392-þ399 )
8. IpäIcamb hnizmkewL\w (criminal breach of trust) (sk£³þ 409)
9. Nne t{Zml§Ä (Mischief) (sk£³þ 431- ----- þ 439)
10. .`h\t`Z\w (sk£³þ 449- ----- þ 450)
11. .`h\t`Z\w (sk£³þ 456 ----- þ 460)
12. _m¦vt\m«v Id³kn F¶nhbpambn _\[s¸« IpäIrXy§Ä (sk£³þ 489 F- ----- þ 489 C)

sk£³ 39  ]dbp¶ NpaXeIÄ¡v ]pdta Hcp hntÃPnse Xmk¡mÀ¡pw hntÃPv Hm^okÀamÀ¡pw sk£³ 40 {]Imcw ta ]dbp¶ IpäIrXy§Ä \S¡pItbm \S¯m³ t]mhp¶Xmbn kwibn¡s¸SpItbm sN¿p¶ kmlNcy¯n A¡mcyw DS³ Xs¶ _Ôs¸« aPnkvt{S«ns\tbm t]meoknt\tbm Adnbn¨ncn¡Ww F¶pffXv IqSmsX s]s«t¶m Akzm`nhIambnt«m Dff  acWw, Ifhv apX hm§pItbm hn¡pItbm sN¿p¶ Ip{]kn²\mb BfpIÄ, , IhÀ¨ \S¯p¶hÀ, X¤pIÄ, Pbnen \n¶v c£s¸« XShpImc³, ]nSnIn«m¸pffn, F¶nhÀ hntÃPn Ds­¶dnªm³ A¡mcyw DS³ Xs¶ _Ôs¸« aPnkvt{S«ns\tbm t]meoknt\tbm Adnbn¨ncn¡Ww sk£³ 40  ]dbp¶ IpäIrXy§Ä \S¡pItbm \S¯m³ t]mhp¶Xmbn kwibn¡s¸SpItbm sN¿p¶ kmlNcy¯n A¡mcyw a\]qÀÆw Adnbn¨nà F¶p sXfnªm B hyàn C³Uy³ in£m \nba¯nse sk£³ 176 Dw 202 \pw hnt[bambn in£mÀl\mWv.

t]meokns\ klmbn¡m\pff ISa

GsX¦nepw aPnkvt{St«m t]meokv DtZymKØt\m Xmsg ]dbp¶ kmlNcy§fn  Bhiys¸Sp¶ ]£w \ymbamb klmbw AhÀ¡v sNbvXpsImSp¡phm³ {Inan\ \S]Sn \nba¯nse sk£³ 37 {]Imcw GsXmcp ]uc\pw _m[yXbp­v.

1.            Hcp aPnkvt{S«nt\m t]meoknt\m \nba]cambn AdÌv sN¿m³ A[nImcapff HcmÄ AXn\v hg§msX c£s¸Sm³ {ian¡p¶ Ahkc¯nÂ

2.           kam[m\ ewL\w D­mImXncn¡mt\m XSbmt\m {ian¡p¶ Ahkc¯nÂ

3.           sdbnÂth, I\mÂ, sSe{Km^ Asæn aäv s]mXp apXepIÄ F¶nhbv¡v \miw D­mIp¶Xv XSbp¶Xn\v klmbw Bhiys¸Sp¶ kµÀ`§fnÂ

ta ]dbp¶ IpäIrXy§Ä \S¡pItbm \S¯m³ t]mhp¶Xmbn kwibn¡s¸SpItbm sN¿p¶ kmlNcy¯n GsX¦nepw aPnkvt{St«m t]meokv DtZymKØt\m Bhiys¸Sp¶ ]£w \ymbamb klmbw AhÀ¡v sNbvXpsImSp¯n«nà F¶p sXfnªm B hyàn C³Uy³ in£m \nba¯nse sk£³ 187 \v hnt[bambn in£mÀl\mWv.

P\d Ubdn F¶mse´v ?

kwØm\ kÀ¡mÀ \nÀtZin¡p¶ {]t^mÀa {]Imcapff  Hcp ]pkvXIw FÃm t]meokv tÌj\nepw kq£n¨ncnt¡­XmWv. Cu ]pkvXI¯n\v P\d Ubdn F¶p ]dbp¶p. Hcp IpäIrXys¯¡pdn¨v t]meokn\v e`nbv¡p¶ FÃm hnhc§fpw tÌjsâ NmÀÖpff Hm^okÀ Cu ]pkvXI¯n tcJs¸Spt¯­XmWv. Cu ]pkvXIw t]meokv Ubdnbn \n¶v hyXyØamWv. P\d Ubdn hfsc A]qÀÆamtb tImSXnbn F¯mdpffq. F¶ncp¶mepw tImSXnbv¡v hnNmcWbv¡v Cu Ubdn BhiyamsW¶v tXm¶p¶ ]£w Cu Ubdn lmPcm¡phm³ t]meoknt\mSv \nÀtZin¡mhp¶XmWv. DbÀ¶ t]meokv DtZymKØÀ X§fpsS \nb{´W¯nepff Øe§fnse t]meokv tÌj\n kq£n¨n«pff P\d Ubdn icnbmb hn[¯n ]cn]men¨phcp¶pt­m F¶v ]cntim[nt¡­XmWv.

Ipäk½Xw (Confession)   F¶m F´v ?  (sk£³ 164)

HcmÄ sNbvX Ipäw AbmÄ kzta[bm A[nImcs¸« PpUojy aPnkvt{S«v ap¼msI Gäp]dbp¶Xn\mWv Ipäk½Xw(Confession)  F¶p  ]dbp¶Xv.  t]meokn\v ap¼msI \S¯p Ipäk½Xw  sXfnhv \nba¯nse sk£³ 25 {]Imcw XnI¨pw AkzoImcyamWv.  CXn\v {][m\ ImcWw t]meokns\ ]qÀ®ambn hnizkn¡m³ Ct¸mgpw kaql¯n\v Ignªn«nÃ.F¶pffXmWv. Ipäk½Xw tcJs¸Sp¯m\pff A[nImcw t]meokn\v \ÂInbm `ojWn _e{]tbmKw apXemb {]hÀ¯nbneqsS AXv Zpcp]tbmKw sN¿s¸Sm³ km[yXbps­¶v a\Ênem¡nbmWv t]meokn\v ap¼msI \S¯p¶ Ipäk½Xw  sXfnhv \nba¯nse sk£³ 25 {]Imcw XnI¨pw AkzoImcyamsW¶v ]dbp¶Xv. C³shÌntKj³ \S¯p¶ kab¯v A[nImcs¸« PpUojy aPnkvt{S«v ap¼msI Ipäk½Xw \S¯p¶Xn\v {]tXyI \S]Sn{Ia§Ä {Inan\ \S]Sn \nba¯nse sk£³ 164  A\pimkn¡p¶p.  IpäʽXw \S¯nbXv  kz´w CjvSa\pkcn¨pw, kzmX{´yambn«pw BcpsSbpw k½À²¯n\v hg§msXbpamsW¶v Dd¸m¡p¶Xn\mWv C§s\bpff. {]tXyI \S]Sn{Ia§Ä ]men¡p¶Xv.

            {Inan\Â \S]Sn \nba¯nse sk£³ 164 {]Imcw \S¯s¸Sp¶ Ipäk½Xw sXfnhv \nba{]Imcw kzoImcyamWv. 

Ipäk½X¯nsâ \S]Sn{Ia§Ä

1.             Ipäk½Xw sat{Sms]mfojy³ aPnkvt{S«v ap¼mItbm PpUojy aPnkvt{S«v ap¼msItbm am{Xta \S¯m³ ]mSpffq. GsX¦nepw Hcp t]meokv DtZymKØ\v GsX¦nepw \nba{]Imcw aPnÌocnbn A[nImcw \ÂIs¸«n«ps­¦n B t]meokv Hm^okÀ Ipäk½Xw tcJs¸Sp¯phm³ ]mSnÃ.  sk£³ 164 (1)

GsX¦nepw FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{St«m sk£³ 164 (1) {]Imcw A[nImcs¸Sp¯s¸«n«nÃm¯ aämsc¦neptam IpäʽXw tcJs¸Sp¯nbm AXv sXfnhmbn kzoIcn¡nÃ. am{Xaà taÂ]dª aPnkvt{S«v hm¡m ]dªmepw kzoImcyaÃ.

2.            Ipäk½Xhpw tÌävsaâpw C³shÌntKj³ \S¶psIm­ncn¡pt¼mtgm AsXsæn F³IzbdnbpsStbm {Sbensâtbm ap¼v  Ft¸mÄ thWsa¦nepw tcJs¸Sp¯mw. v(sk£³ 164 (1) )

3.            Ipäk½Xw tcJs¸Sp¯p¶Xn\v ap³]v C¯c¯nepff Hcp Ipäk½Xw \S¯p¶Xn\v \nba]cambn AbmÄ¡v _m[yXbnsöpw Cu Ipäk½Xw AbmÄs¡Xnsc sXfnhmbn kzoIcn¡s¸Sm\nSbps­¶pw Ipäk½Xw \S¯m³ X¿mdmb Bsf aPnkvt{S«v Adnbnt¡­XmWv. ta¸dª Imcy§Ä sNbvXn«ps­¶v aPnkvt{S«v sk£³ 164 (4)  {]Imcw sat½mdm­w \ÂtI­XmWv.

4.            Ipäk½X¯n\v X¿mdmb hyànsb tNmZyw sNbvXv  AbmÄ kzta[bm BWv AXn\v X¿mdmbn«pffXv F¶v Dd¸m¡nb tijw am{Xta aPnkvt{S«v Ipäk½Xw tcJs¸Sp¯m³ ]mSpffq. sk£³ 164 (2)

Ipäk½Xw \S¯p¶ hyàn kzta[bm BWv AXn\v X¿mdmbn«pffXv F¶v Dd¸m¡p¶Xn\v aPnkvt{S«v Xmsg¸dbp¶ Imcy§Ä sNbvXncnt¡­XmWv.

F) Ipäk½Xw tcJs¸Sp¯p¶Xn\v ap³]v C¯c¯nepff Hcp Ipäk½Xw \S¯p¶Xn\v \nba]cambn AbmÄ¡v _m[yXbnsöpw Cu Ipäk½Xw AbmÄs¡Xnsc Xs¶ sXfnhmbn kzoIcn¡s¸Sm\nSbps­¶pw Ipäk½Xw \S¯m³ X¿mdmb Bsf aPnkvt{S«v Adnbn¨Xn\v tijw AbmÄ¡v Nn´n¨p Xocpam\saSp¡m\pff aXnbmb kabw \ÂtI­XmWv.  t]meoknsâ kzm[o\¯n \n¶v AbmfpsS a\Êv apàamtWmsb¶v aPnkvt{S«v ]cntim[nt¡­XmWv.  km[mcWbmbn t]meokv IÌUnbn \n¶p sIm­phcp¶ hyànsb Ipäk½Xw tcJs¸Sp¯p¶Xn\v ap¼mbn Hcp Znhkt¯s¡¦nepw PpUojy IÌUnbn  Abbvt¡­XmWv.

_n) t]meokv IÌUnbn h¨v Ipäk½Xw \S¯n¡m\mbn GsX¦nepw Xc¯nepff kzm[o\w hyàn¡v t\sc D­mbn«nà F¶v Dd¸m¡p¶Xn\mbn km[yamb FÃm At\zjW§fpw aPnkvt{S«v sNbvXncnt¡­XmWv. hyànbpsS icoc¯n GsX¦nepw Xc¯nepff ASbmf§Ä ImWs¸«m AtX¡pdn¨v AbmtfmSv At\zjnt¡­XmWv.

kn) {]Xnsb hne§v h¨n«ps­¦n AXv Agn¨pamäm³ Bhiys¸tS­Xpw {]Xnsb kzm[o\n¡m³ km[yXbps­¶v IcpXs¸Sp¶bhkc¯n kzX{´amb Hcp A´co£w D­m¡m\mbn t]meokv DtZymKØtcmSpw aäv hyànItfmSpw tImSXnbn \n¶v ]pd¯v t]mhm³ Bhiys¸tS­XpamWv.

Un) Ipäk½Xw \S¯mXncn¡p¶XpsIm­v Bcn \ns¶¦nepw GsX¦nepw Xc¯nepff ]oU\tam Fs´¦nepw Xc¯nepff k½À±tam D­mInÃm F¶v hyànsb t_m[ys¸Spt¯­XmWv. aPnkvt{S«n\v ap¼n Ipäk½Xw \S¯m³ F¯nb hyànbv¡v Ipäk½Xw tcJs¸Sp¯p¶Xn\v ap³]v GXp kab¯pw Xm³ Ipäk½Xw \S¯m³ X¿msdsöv aPnkvt{S«ns\ Adnbn¡mhp¶XmWv. A§s\ sNbvXm³ Abmsf t]meokv IÌUnbn Ab¡m³ ]mSpffXÃ. (sk£³ 164 (3) )

     Ipäk½Xw \S¯pIbpw AXv tcJs¸Sp¯pIbpw sNbvXm Abmsf PpUojy IÌUnbn am{Xta Abbv¡m³ ]mSpff.  bmsXmcp ImcWhimepw t]meokv IÌUnbn hnSm³ ]mSnÃ.

C) X\ns¡Xnsc sXfnhmbn kzoIcnt¨¡mhp¶ Ipäk½X¯n\v F´n\mWv X¿mdmsbsX¶v AbmtfmSv {]tXyIw tNmZn¨ncnt¡­XmWv.

 sk£³ 281  A\pimkn¡pw {]Imcambncn¡Ww Ipäk½Xw tcJs¸Spt¯­Xv.  IpähmfntbmSv tNmZn¨ Hmtcm tNmZyhpw AXn\v AbmÄ ]dª adp]Snbpw tcJbn D­mbncn¡Ww. km[ysa¦n Ipähmfn ]dª `mjbn Xs¶bmbncn¡Ww tcJ X¿mdmt¡­Xv. AXn\v km[yasæn tImSXn `mjbn X¿mdm¡nbncn¡Ww. tcJ Abmsf ImWn¡pIbpw hmbn¨psImSp¡pIbpw sNbvXncnt¡­XmWv. AbmÄ¡v Adnbm¯ `mjbnemWv dnt¡mÀUv sNbvXncn¡p¶sX¦n AbmÄ¡v a\ÊnemIp¶ `mjbn ]dªpsImSpt¡­XmWv. AbmÄ¡v hni±oIcn¡mt\m Iq«ntNÀ¡mt\m Dff A[oImcap­mbncn¡p¶XmWv. C§s\ X¿mdm¡nb IpäʽX tcJ Abmsfs¡m­v H¸nSphnt¡­XmWv. AXn\v Xmsg aPnkvt{S«v C{]Imcw FgpXn H¸n«ncnt¡­XmWv.

"Cu Ipäk½Xw kza\Êmse sNbvXXmsW¶v Rm³ hnizkn¡p¶Xmbpw C¯c¯nepff Hcp Ipäk½Xw \S¯p¶Xn\v \nba]cambn AbmÄ¡v _m[yXbnsöpw Cu Ipäk½Xw AbmÄs¡Xnsc Xs¶ sXfnhmbn kzoIcn¡s¸Sm\nSbps­¶pw Ipäk½Xw \S¯m³ X¿mdmb Bsf Adnbn¨ncp¶Xmbpw Cu Ipäk½Xw Fsâ km¶n[y¯n \S¯nbXmsW¶pw AXv Abmsf hmbn¨p tIĸn¨t¸mÄ AXn ]dªncn¡p¶sXÃmw icnbmsW¶v AbmÄ k½Xn¨n«ps­¶pw CXn AS§nbncn¡p¶Xv AbmÄ \ÂInb tÌävsaânsâ icnbmbXpw ]qÀ®ambXpamb cq]amWv."

Ipä k½Xw  \St¯­ Øes¯¡pdnt¨m kabt¯¡pdnt¨m sk£³ 164  {]Xn]mZn¡p¶nÃ. F¶ncp¶mepw Xpd¶ tImSXnbn h¨v tImSXn kab¯mbncn¡Ww Ipäk½Xw tcJs¸Spt¯­Xv.

tImSXnbpsS `mj Ipämtcm]nX\v Adnbnsænepff \S]Sn (sk£³ 318)

hnNmcWkba¯ tImSXnbn \S¡p¶ \S]Sn{Ia§sf¡pdn¨v Ipämtcm]nX\v a\Ênembncn¡Ww F¶XmWv km[mcW \nbaw. F¶m Ipämtcm]nX\v tImSXnbpsS `mj a\Ênembnsæn tImSXnbv¡v \S]Sn{Ia§Ä XpScmw.  F¶ncp¶mepw B hnNmcW {]Xnsb in£n¡p¶Xn Iemin¡pIbmsW¦n hnNmcW sNbvX tImSXn kmlNcy§Ä hnhcn¨psIm­pff Hcp dnt¸mÀ«v sslt¡mSXnbv¡v Ab¨psImSpt¡­XmWv. sslt¡mSXn AXn³ta DNnXamb D¯chv ]pds¸Sphn¡p¶XmWv.

C³IzÌv F¶mse´v ?  (sk£³ 174 Dw 176 )

 acn¨ hyànbpsS arXtZlw ct­m AXn IqSpXtem am\y³amcmb km£nIfpsS  km¶n²y¯n dnt¸mÀ«v X¿mdm¡p¶Xn\mbn   Hcp aPnkvt{S«v ]cntim[n¡p¶Xn\mWv C³IzÌv F¶p ]dbp¶Xv. dnt¸mÀ«n acWImcWhpw, apdnhnsâ hnhc§fpw, FÃn\v D­mbn«pff £X§fpw, icoc¯n ImWp¶ aäp ]cp¡pIfpw tcJs¸Sp¯nbncn¡Ww.  C¯cw ASbmf§Ä¡v ImcWw FXp D]IcWsIm­v GXp Xc¯nepff {]tbmKamWv \S¯nbncn¡p¶sX¶pw dnt¸mÀ«nep­mbncn¡Ww.

acW¯n\v ImcWambn«pff sXfnhpIÄ tiJcn¡p¶Xn\mbn \S¯nbn«pff At\zjW¯n e`n¨n«pff sXfnhpIsf¡pdn¨v C³IzÌv \S¯p¶ aPnkvt{S«v tcJs¸Spt¯­XmWv.  A¯cw tIkpIfn acn¨bmfpsS _Ôp¡sf Adnbnt¡­Xpw At\zjWkab¯v AhnsS k¶nlnXcmIphm³ Ahsc A\phZnt¡­XpamWv.  (sk£³  176 )

tIkv ]n³hen¡Â

{Ina\n tIkpIfn t{]mknIyqjsâ NmÀÖv ]_vfnIv t{]mknIyq«À¡mWv. skj³kv tIkpIfn FÃmbt¸mgpw tIkv \S¯p¶Xv ]_vfnIv t{]mknIyq«dmWv.  aPnkvt{S«v tImSXnIfn tÌän\v th­n tIkv \S¯p¶Xv AknÌâv ]_vfnIv t{]mknIyq«dmWv.  ]_vfnIv t{]mknIyq«À¡v tImSXnbpsS A\paXntbmsS tIkv ]n³hen¡m\pff A[nImcap­v. tIknsâ NmcÖpff ]_vfnIv t{]mknIyq«Àt¡m AknÌâv ]_vfnIv t{]mknIyq«Àt¡m hn[n {]kvXmhn¡p¶Xn\v ap³]mbn tImSXnbpsS A\paXntbmsS GsX¦nepw hyàns¡Xnscbpff t{]mknIyqj³ ]n³hen¡phm\pff A[nImcaps­¶v sk£³ 321  {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p. NmÀÖv sNbvXn«pff tIknemsW¦n t{]mknIyq«À t{]mknIyqj³ ]n³hen¡phm\pff At]£ \ÂInbm tImSXn hyànsb Ipähnapà\m¡p¶XmWv.

tIkpIÄ H¯p XoÀ¸m¡Â F¶mse´v ? (Compounding of offence)

H¯p XoÀ¸m¡mhp¶  IpäIrXy§fpsSbpw BÀ¡mWv H¯p XoÀ¸m¡mhp¶Xv F¶Xpw kw_Ôn¨ Hcp ]«nI  {Inan\n \S]Sn kwlnXbn sImSp¯n«p­v.  C³Uy³ ]o\ tImUnse D]hIp¸v H¶n sImSp¯n«pff ]«nIbn Dff IpäIrXy§Ä B ]«nIbnse aq¶mw tImf¯n \ÂInbn«pff hyànIfm H¯p XoÀ¸m¡mhp¶XmWv F¶v {Inan\n \S]Sn kwlnXbn sImSp¯n«p­v. F¶m  C³Uy³ ]o\ tImUnse hIp¸v 320 se D]hIp¸v 2  sImSp¯n«pff IpäIrXy§Ä H¯pXoÀ¸m¡Wsa¦n {]kvXpX tIkv \nehnepff tImSXnbpsS A\paXn BhiyamWv. 

BÀs¡XnscbmtWm IpäIrXy§Ä D­mbn«pffXv B hyàn¡v Xr]vXnIcamb Fs´¦nepw Imcy§Ä D­mbXmbn tXm¶p¶ kµÀ`§fnemWv tIkpIÄ H¯pXoÀ¸m¡p¶Xnsâ ]Ým¯ew D­mhp¶Xpw B hyàn t{]mknIyqj³ \S]SnIfn \n¶v ]n³amdp¶Xpw.  Hcp tIkv H¯pXoÀ¸mhpt¼mÄ AXv Ipähnapà\m¡ps¸Sp¶Xn\v XpeyamWv. sk£³ 320  sImSp¯n«pff ]«nIbn ]dbp¶ IpäIrXy§Ä am{Xta C§s\ H¯pXoÀ¸m¡m³ IgnbpIbpffq.  in£ hn[n¡p¶Xn\v ap¼mbn GXp kab¯pw C§s\ H¯pXoÀ¸m¡mhp¶XmWv.

Ipä hnNmcW kab¯v Ipämtcm]nX\mb hyànbpsS AhImi§Ä (Rights of an

H¯pXoÀ¸m¡mhp¶Xpw H¯pXoÀ¸m¡m\mhm¯Xpamb IpäIrXy§Ä

{Ian\ \S]Sn \nbakwlnXbnse sk£³ 320  sF.]n.kn.bnse hnhn[ hIp¸pIÄ {]Imcapff IpäIrXy§fpsS Hcp ]«nI \nÂInbn«p­v. Cu IpäIrXy§Ä Cu ]«nIbn ]dbp¶ hyànIÄ¡v  H¯pXÀ¸m¡mhp¶XmWv.  C{]Imcw H¯pXoÀ¸m¡mhp¶ IpäIrXy§Ä XmcXtay\ KpcpXXaÃm¯Xpw

k½dn hnkvXmcw F¶mse´v ?

hniZamb \S]Sn{Ia§fnÃmsX tIkv s]s«¶v XoÀ¸m¡pI F¶ {]tXyI e£yt¯msSbpff hnkvXmcamWv k½dn hnkvXmcw.  No^v PpUojy aPnkvt{S«v, sat{Sms]mfnä³ aPnkvt{S«v, sslt¡mSXn {]tXyIambn A[nImcs¸Sp¯nbn«pff H¶mw Ivfmkv aPnkvt{S«v F¶nhÀ¡v k½dn hnkvXmcw \S¯mw.  c­p sImïne[nIw XShp in£ \ÂIs¸Smhp¶ tIkpIÄ kaadn hnkvXmc¯n ]mSnÃ.

ImelcWw (Limitation) F¶mse´v ?

Nne Ipä§Ä \S]SnIÄs¡Sp¡p¶Xnsâ ImelcWw 

1973  {Inan\ \S]Sn \nbakwlnXbn t`ZKXn hcp¯nbt¸mÄ tNÀ¯XmWv ImelcWw kw_Ôn¨pff hyhØIÄ.  sk£³ 468 {]Imcw Nne Imebfhn\v tijw Nne IpäIrXy§fn \S]SnIÄ kzoIcn¡p¶Xv hne¡nbn«p­v. 

ss^³ am{Xw hn[n¡mhp¶ tIkpIfnse ImelcW kabw BdpamkamWv.  6 amk¯n\v tijw \S]Sn FSp¡m³ ]mSnÃ. Hcp hÀj¯n Ihnbm¯ XShv in£ e`nbv¡mhp¶ tIkpIfnse ImelcW ]cn[n Hcp sImÃamWv. Hcp hÀj¯n IqSpXepw F¶m 3 hÀj¯n IhnbmsXbpff XShv in£ e`nbv¡mhp¶ tIkpIfnse ImelcW ]cn[n 3 hÀjamWv.  3 hÀj¯n IqSpX XShv in£ e`nbv¡mhp¶ tIkpIfn ImelccW ]cn[nbnÃ.

ImelcW ]cn[n IW¡m¡p¶sX§ns\ ?

IpäIrXyw \S¯nb Xo¿Xn apXtem F¶m IpäIrXyw \S¯nb Xo¿Xn IpäIrXy¯n\v hnt[b\mb hyànt¡m t]meokv H^okÀt¡m AdnbnÃmsb¦n Chcn Bsc¦n IpäIrXyw \S¶ Imcyw Adnª Xo¿Xn apXtem Ipähmfnsb Xncn¨dnªn«nÃm¯ kmlNcy¯n IpäIrXy¯n\v hnt[b\mb hyàntbm t]meokv H^oktdm Ipähmfnsb Xncn¨dnbp¶ Xo¿Xn apXÂt¡m Bbncn¡pw ImelcW ]cn[n Bcw`n¡p¶Xv. 

ImelcW ]cn[n Ignªmepw tImSXnbv¡v thWsa¦n \S]SnIÄ kzoIcn¡mw

sshInbXn\pff ImcWw kw_Ôn¨pff At]£ ]cntim[n¨pw kmlNcy§fpw hkvXpXbpw \ymbsa¶p tXm¶p¶ kmlNcy§fnepw  tImSXnbv¡v  ImelcW ]cn[n Ignªmepw \S]SnIÄ kzoIcn¡m\pff A[nImcap­v.

eLphmb Ipä§Ä (Petty Offences)F¶mse´v ?

sk£³ 206 (2)

1000 cq]bn IqSm¯ ]ng am{Xw hn[n¡mhp¶ GXp Ipä§fpw eLphmb Ipä§Ä F¶ hn`mK¯nÂs¸Sp¶p. F¶m {]Xn lmPcmImsX Ipäk½Xw \S¯mhp¶Xpw in£ hn[n¡mhp¶Xpamb  1939 se tamt«mÀ hml\ \nba {]Imctam AXpt]mepff aäv \nba§Ä {]Imctam in£mÀlamb Ipä§Ä Cu hn`mK¯n s]Sp¶nÃ.  eLphmb Ipä§fpsS Imcy¯n aPnkvt{S«n\v sk£³ 216 \v hnt[bambn k½dn hnNmcWbneqsS tIkv XoÀ¸m¡mhp¶XmWv.  C¯cw tIkpIfn I£n t\cnt«m  Asæn I£n¡pth­n Hcp h¡otem \nÝnX XobXn¡v tImSXn ap¼msI lmPcmIWsa¶v Adnbn¨p sIm­v aPnkvt{S«v Hcp ka³kv  I£n¡v Abbv¡p¶p. Ipäw k½Xnbv¡p¶ ]£w B hnhcw FgpXnbdnbn¡p¶tXmsSm¸w ka³kn ]dªn«pff ]ng kwJybpw tImSXnbn lmPcm¡phm³ aPnkvt{S«v \nÀt±iw \ÂIp¶p. I£n tImSXnbn lmPcmIphm³ Dt±in¡p¶nÃmsb¦n Cu Ipäk½X ]{Xhpw ]ng kwJybpw h¡o aptJ\ I£n¡v tImSXnbn lmPcm¡mhp¶XmWv. sk£³ 206 (1)

accused person in a criminal trial

Ipämtcm]nX\mb hyàn¡v kzbw tIkns\ t\cnSp¶Xn\v AbmfpsS CjvSm\pkcWw GXp \nba hnZKvZsâbpw klmbw tXSm\pff AhImiap­v. Ipämtcm]nX\v {Inan\ tIkn kz´w Un^³kn\mbn  km£nbmIm\pff A[nImcap­v. AbmÄs¡Xnsc sIm­ph¶n«pff sXfnhpIÄ sXämsW¶p sXfnbn¡p¶Xn\v AbmÄ¡v sXfnhpIÄ \ÂImhp¶XmWv.  (sk£³ 315).  F¶m Ipämtcm]nXs\ km£nbm¡m³ \nÀ_Ôn¡m³ ]mSnÃ.

        Ipämtcm]nX\mb hyànsb AbmÄ¡dnbmhp¶ Fs´¦nepw Imcy§Ä shfns¸Sp¯p¶Xnt\m Asæn ad¨phbv¡p¶Xnt\m \nÀ_Ôn¡p¶Xn\mbn GsX¦nepw coXnbnepff kzm[o\tam `ojWntbm {]tbmKn¡phm³ ]mSnà F¶v sk£³ 316  {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p. 

Ipämtcm]nXs\ tImSXn hnkvXcn¡p¶bhkc¯n X\ns¡Xnsc \nc¯nbn«pff sXfnhpIsf¡pdn¨v X\n¡v JWvUn¡m\pff  Ahkcw AbmÄ¡v e`nbv¡p¶XmWv. tIkv hnNmcW Ipämtcm]nXsâ km¶n²y¯n km[mcWt]mse \St¯­XmWv.  {Ian\ \S]Sn \nbakwlnX {]Imcw sXfnhp \ÂtI­ _m[yX t{]mknIyqj\mWv.

Hcp PUvtPm aPnkvt{St«m Xm³ I£nbmbn«pfftXm X\n¡v {]tXyI Xm¸cyapfftXm Bb  tIkv A¸o tImSXnbpsS A\panXbnÃmsX hnNmcW \S¯mt\m I½näv sN¿mt\m ]mSnÃ. am{Xaà Hcp PUvPnbpw aPnkvt{S«pw Xm³ ]mÊm¡nb GsX¦nepw hn[nbptStbm D¯chntâtbm A¸o tIÄ¡m³ ]mSnÃ.  F¶v sk£³ 479  {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p.

Hcp ]_vfnIv skÀÆsâ GsX¦nepw hkvXphnsâ hn¸\bpambn _Ôs¸«n«pffbmfmsWMvIn B hkvXphnsâ tee¯n ]s¦Sp¡m³ ]mSnÃ. F¶v sk£³ 481  {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p.

Iq«p{]Xn. Accomplice

Hcp IpäIrXy¯n ]¦mfnbmIp¶bmsfbmWv Iq«p{]Xn F¶p hnfn¡p¶Xv. km[mcWbmbn IpäIrXy¯n Abmf¡v Ipdª ]t¦ D­mIq. 

am¸vkm£n F¶mse´v ?

tIkn Bhiyamb sXfnhpIÄ In«phm³ {]bmkambn hcpt¼mÄ  IpäIrXy¯n ]¦mfnsb¶v kwibn¡s¸Sp¶hÀ¡v am¸psImSp¯v Ahsc tIkn  km£nbmbn hnkvXcn¡p¶Xn\mWv am¸v km£n F¶p ]dbp¶Xv. bYmÀ° Ipähmfnsb Is­¯p¶Xn\mbn Iq«p{]Xn¡v am¸p \ÂIp¶Xv {Inan\ \S]Sn {Ia¯nse Hcp XXzamWv.  C{]Imcw am¸p \ÂIs¸Spt¼mÄ Abmsf approver F¶p ]dbp¶p.  C{]Imcpapff BfpsS sXfnhv kzoIcn¡mhp¶XmsW¶v sk£³ 306  ]dbp¶p. Abmsf am¸pkm£nbm¡p¶Xn\v ap¼v Abmfn \n¶v tIknssâ kmlNcy§Ä kw_Ôn¨ FÃm hnhc§fpw shfns¸Spw F¶v tImSXn Dd¸mt¡­XmWv.  AbmÄ IpähmfnIfpsS t]cpItfm Asæn AhcpsS ASbmf§tfm shfns¸Spt¯­XmWv.

        am¸v \ÂInbXn\v tijw B hyànsb km£nbmbn tImSXnbn hnkvXcn¡p¶XmWv.  ]n¶oSv {Sb Ahkm\n¡p¶Xp hsc Abmsf IÌUnbn hbv¡p¶XmWv.  AbmÄ¡v am¸v sImSp¡p¶ Imcyw tImSXnbpsS hnthN\m[nImc¯nÂs¸Sp¶XmWv.

 am¸pkm£nbm¡p¶Xn\mbn  tImSXn apt¶m«ph¨n«pff  \n_Ô\IÄ AbmÄ A\pkcn¨nÃmsb¦n AXmbXv GsX¦nepw hkvXpXIÄ ad¨phbv¡pItbm sXämb sXfnhv \ÂIpItbm ]ckv]c hncp²ambn hnhc§Ä \ÂIpItbm sNbvXm AbmÄ¡v \ÂInbn am¸v d±m¡p¶XmWv.  Cu kmlNcy§fn B hyànsb aäpffhÀs¡m¸w hnNmcW sN¿p¶XÃ. am¸pkm£nbm¡m³ \nÝbn¡s¸«bmÄ hyhØIÄ ewLn¨Xmbn ]_vfnIv t{]mknIyq«À km£ys¸Sp¯Ww. C¯cw Ahkc¯n Abmsf AbmÄ DÄs¸« IpäIrXy¯n\v am{XaÃ. IffsXfnhv \ÂInbXn\pw hnNmcWsN¿p¶XmWv.

Hcp Ipä¯n\v Hcmsf c­p XhW in£n¡m³ ]mSnÃ. Autrifois aquit and autrefois convict

        Hcp Ipä¯n\v Hcmsf c­p XhW in£n¡m³ ]mSnÃ. Hcn¡Â IpäØm]\w sN¿s¸SpItbm Ipähnapà\m¡s¸SpItbm sNbvXbmsf AtX Ipä¯n\v ho­pw hnNmcW sN¿m³ ]mSnÃ. {Inan\ \S]Sn \nba¯nse sk£³ 300  {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p.

DZmlcW¯n\v F F¶bmÄ Hcp ho«n tPenbnencns¡ tamjW¡pä¯n\v ]nSn¡s¸SpIbpw ]n¶oSv Ipähnapà\m¡pItbm in£n¡¸SpItbm sN¿¶p F¶ncn¡s« CtX hyànsb  ]n¶oSv CtX Ipä¯n\v hnNmcW sN¿m³ ]mSnÃ.

Cu sk£³ _m[IamIWsa¦n 3 kmlNcy§Ä D­mIWw

1.         HcmÄs¡Xnsc NmÀÖv sNbvX tIkn hnNmcW \S¶ncn¡Ww

2.        \nba]cambn A[nImcapff Hcp tImSnbv¡v ap¼msIbmbncn¡Ww hnNmcW \S¶n«pffXv

3.        Hcp hn[ntbm Asæn Ipähnapà\m¡ns¡m­pff D¯cthm D­mbncn¡Ww.

Hcp hyàn GsX¦nepw Hcp Ipä¯n\v in£n¡s¸SpIbpw XpSÀ¶v AXntâ XpSÀ¨bmbn AbmÄ atäsX¦nepw IpäIrXyw \S¯pIbpamsW¦n Ipähmfnsb c­mas¯ Ipä¯n\v hnNmcW sN¿mhp¶XmWv.

DZmlcWambn F F¶bmsf ]cpt¡Â¸n¨ Ipä¯n\v hnNmcW sN¿pIbpw in£n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. ]n¶oSv ]cpt¡äbmÄ B ]cp¡v aqew acWaSbp¶p. Cu kmlNcy¯n F sb ho­pw Iĸ_nÄ tlmansskUv F¶ Ipä¯n\v ho­pw hnNmcW sN¿p¶p.

kam[m\ ewL\ap­mImhp¶ Ahkc¯n AXv XSbp¶Xnbmbn Hcp hyàns¡Xnsc kzoIcn¡p¶ \S]Sn{Ia§fn Cu sk£³ _m[IamhpIbnÃ.

HcmÄ Hcp ho«n AXn{Ian¨v Ibdn ho«pImsc B{Ian¨p B ho«ose Hcp kv{Xosb X«nsIm­pt]mhp¶p. AbmÄs¡Xnscbpff BZy hnNmcWbn ITn\ambn ]cpt¡Â¸n¨Xn\pw ho«n AXn{Ian¨p IbdnbXn\pw in£n¡s¸Sp¶p. XpSÀ¶v Htc kab¯v \S¯nbXmsW¶ncn¡nepw X«ns¡m­pt]mI F¶ IpäIrXy¯n\v BZys¯ in£ Hcp XSÊamIp¶nÃ.

   ChnsS c­mas¯ hnNmcW hyXyØamb Hcp IpäIrXys¯ ap³\ndp¯nbpffXmsW¦nepw Cu \nbaw _m[Iamhp¶nÃ. 

tImÀ«v amÀj F¶mse´v ? 

1950 se BÀan BIvSv A\pkcnt¨m 1957 se t\hn/FbÀt^mgvkv BIvSv A\pkcnt¨m AXpt]mepff aäv \nba§Ä A\pkcntÑm tPmen sN¿p¶ HcmÄ IpäIrXyw sNbvXm Abmsf tImÀ«v amÀjy hnNmcWsN¿p¶p. aPnkvt{S«v C¯cn¯nepff Ipähmfnsb tImÀ«v amÀjyensâ IÌUnbntebv¡v Ipähmfnsb ssIamdp¶p.  CXn\v Hcp tcJmaqeapff At]£ BhiyamWv. Pbnen ]mÀ¸n¨n«pff Ipähmfnsb tImÀ«vamÀjnsâ ap¼n lmPcm¡m³ sslt¡mSXnbv¡v A[nImcap­v. sk£³ 475

{Inan\ tIkpIÄ Hcp tImSXnbn \n¶v asämcp tImSXnbntebv¡v amäpt¼mgpff \S]SnIsfs´ÃmamWv ? 

(Transfer of Criminal Cases )  section 408 to 412)

{Inan\ tIkpIÄ Hcp tImSXnbn \n¶v asämcp tImSXnbntebv¡v amäp¶Xn\pff hyhØ {Inan\ \S]Sn \nbakwlnXbn D­v.  C¯c¯n tIkpIÄ amäp¶Xnsâ ]n¶nepff Dt±iyw \oXn Dd¸phcp¯pI F¶pffXmWv.  DZmlcW¯n\v Hcp tImSXn hnhn[ Ipä§f¡mbn Hcmsf 5 XhW in£ns¨¶ncn¡s«. AbmÄ BdmaXpw GsX¦nepw tIknÂs¸« AtX tImSXnbpsS ap¶n lmPcm¡s¸SpIbmsW¦n kzm`mhnIambpw PUvPn\v Abmsf¡pdn¨v Hcp ap³hn[nbp­mhm³ km[yXbp­v. C¯c¯nepff Hcp kmlNcyw Hgnhm¡p¶Xn\v tIkpIÄ asämcp tImSXnbntebv¡v amäp¶Xn\v klmbn¡pw.

    C{]Imcw tIkpIÄ amäp¶Xn\pff A[nImcw kp{]ow tImSXn, sslt¡mSXn, skj³ tImSXn F¶nhbv¡p­v. \oXn e`nbv¡m\nSbnÃm F¶v GsX¦nepw Hcp I£nbv¡v A`n{]mbapff ]£w  \oXn \S¶m am{Xw t]mc AXv \S¶Xmbn ImWpIbpw thWw F¶ XXzw {]mhÀ¯nIamhp¶Xv C{]Imcapff L«§fnemWv. F¶m shdpsamcpw Btcm]Ww am{Xw C{]Imcw tIkpIÄ amäp¶Xn\v ImcWamhpIbnÃ. kmlNcy§Ä \ymbhpw hnizk\obhpambncn¡Ww.

tIkpIÄ amäp¶Xn\v kp{]ow tImSXnbv¡pff A[nImcw (sk. 406)

        kp{]ow tImSXnbv¡v Hcp tItkm A¸otem Hcp tImSXnbn asämcp tImSXnbntebv¡v amäp¶Xn\v A[nImcap­v. AXpt]mse Hcp sslt¡mSXnbn \n¶v C³Uybnse asämcp ssltImSXnbntebv¡v A¸oepw amäm³ kp{]ow tImSXnbv¡v A[nImcw D­v.  cmP³ tIkn t]meokv Hm^okÀamÀs¡Xnscbpff tIkn cmjv{Sob kzm[o\hpw aäp kmlNcy§fpw tIknsâ \oXn]qÀÆamb \S]SnIÄ¡v XSÊw krjvSnt¨¡msa¶v ]cmXn¡mc³ kp{]ow tImSXnbn ]cmXn \nÂInbnXn\m  tIkv tImgnt¡ms« skj³kv tImSXnbn \n¶v tImb¼¯qÀ skj³kv tImSXnbntebv¡v amänbXv CXn\v DZmlcWamWv.

        C¯cw tIkpIÄ AtämÀWn P\dentâtbm X¸c I£nIfptStbm. At]£bn am{Xw \S]SnIÄ kzoIcnt¡­XmsW¦nepw A§s\bÃm¯ ]£w CXn\mbn e`nbv¡p¶ GsXmcp At]£bpw kXyhm§aqewklnXw  kaÀ¸nt¡­XmWv.  C{]Imcw {Sm³kv^À At]£ kaÀ¸n¨Xv \nÊmcamb Imcy§Ät¡m ieyap­m¡p¶XXn\pth­ntbm BsW¶v t_m[ys¸«m At]£ FXnÀ¯ I£n¡v Bbncw cq]bn Ihnbm¯ XpI \jvS]cnlmcambn \ÂIm³ At]£It\mSv tImSXnbv¡v D¯chnSmhp¶XmWv.

tIkpIfpw A¸oepIfpw Hcp tImSXnbn \n¶ asämcp tImSXnbntebv¡v amäm³ sslt¡mSXbv¡pff A[oImcw

Xmsg sImSp¯ncn¡p¶ kmlNcy§fn sslt¡mSXnbv¡v tIkpIfpw A¸oepIfpw Hcp tImSXnbn \n¶ asämcp tImSXnbntebv¡v amäm³ \nÀt±iw \ÂImw.

1.         amänbnsæn \njv]£ambXpw \oXnbpàambpXpamb At\zjWw tIkn D­mIpIbnà F¶pffnS¯v

2.        tIkn hnjaapff GsX¦nepw \nba{]iv\w DSseSp¡m³ CSbps­¶pff IcpXpt¼mÄ

3.        Cu \nba¯nepff I£nIÄt¡m km£nIÄt¡m kmam\yambn kuIcy§Ä D­m¡p¶XmsW¶pw

sXfnhv \ÂIp¶Xn\v t]meokv tÌj\n lmPcmIÂ

   tIk\zjWw \S¯p¶ GsX¦nepw t]meokv DtZymKØ\v Bhiysa¦n HcmtfmSv Xsâ ap¼msI lmPcmIm³ tcJmaqeapff D¯chv aqew Bhiys¸Smhp¶XmWv. (sk£³ 160(1)) C{]Imcv Bhiys¸«m AX\pkcnbv¡phm³ ]uc\v _m[yXbp­v. F¶m GsX¦nepw kv{Xotbtbm 15 hbÊn\v Xmsgbpff cBIp«ntbtbm AhÀ Xmakn¡p¶ Øe¯ÃmsX atäsX¦nepw Øe¯v tNmZyw sN¿s¸Sm³ th­n  lmPcmIphm³ Bhiys¸Sm³ ]mSnsöv \nbaw A\pimkn¡p¶p.

  Ipämtcm]nX\mb hyàn am\knItcmKnbmIpt¼mÄ kzoIcnt¡­ hyhØIÄ Fs´ÃmamWv ? 

 sk£³ (328þ329)

        {]Xn am\knI tcmKnbmsW¦n kzoIcnt¡­ \S]SnIsf Ipdn¨v {Inan\ \S]Sn \nbakwlnXbnse 25þmw A²ymb¯n {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p. GsX¦nepw hyàns¡Xnsc Ipä hnNmcWtbm At\zjW hnNmcWtbm \S¯p¶bhkc¯n A¯cw hyàn am\knItcmKnbmsW¶v a\Ênem¡pIbpw AbmÄ¡v {]XnhmZw sN¿m³ IgnbpIbnà F¶pw a\Ênem¡pt¼mÄ aPnkvt{S«v Ipämtcm]nXsâ tcmKmhØsb¡pdn¨v At\zjn¨dnbp¶Xn\mbn B PnÃbnse knhn kÀÖs\s¡mt­m Asæn kÀ¡mÀ \nÀtZin¡p¶ atäsX¦nepw saUn¡Â {]mIvSoj\sdt¡mt­m Ipämtcm]nXs\ ]cntim[n¸nt¡­Xpw XpSÀ¶v Abmsf ]cntim[n¨ saUn¡Â {]mIvSojWsd km£nbmbn hnkvXcnt¡­Xpw B hnkvXmcw dn¡mÀUmt¡­XpamWv. tIknsâ \S]SnI{Ia§Ä amänhbvt¡­XpamWv.

am\knItcmKnbmb {]Xnsb tamNn¸n¡Â (sk£³ 330)

        Ipämtcm]nX³ am\knI tcmKnbmsW¶v sXfnªm aPnkvt{S«n\v AbmÄ¡v Pmayw \ÂImhp¶Xpw Asæne Abmsf kwc£n¨psImffmsa¶pw AbmÄt¡m AbmÄ¡mcWw aäpffhÀt¡m bmsXmcp _p²nap«pw D­mImsX t\m¡ns¡mffmsa¶pw tImSXn Bhiys¸Spt¼mÄ Abmsf lmPcm¡ns¡mffmsa¶papff hyhØbn³ta BÀs¡¦nepw Abmsf CuSv \ÂIn GsäSp¡mhp¶XpamWv.

        AbmÄ¡v Pmayw \ÂIm\mh¯  tIkmWv AbmÄs¡Xnsc cPnÌÀ sNbvXn«pffsX¦ntem Abmsf Pmay¯nseSp¡phm³ Bcpw X¿mdmhp¶nsæntem {]Xnsb tImSXnbv¡v bpàambsX¶p tXm¶p coXnbn IÌUbn hbv¡m³ D¯chnSmhp¶Xpw C{]Imcw kzoIcn¨ \S]Sn kw_Ôn¨v kÀ¡mcn\v dnt¸mÀ«v \ÂtI­XpamWv.

     {]Xnsb {`m´meb¯n XS¦en hbv¡m\mbn Abbv¡pIbmsW¦n AXv C³Uy³ {`m´v BIvSv 1912 \v hnt[bambn«mbncn¡Ww.

hnNmcW ]p\cmcw`n¡Â (sk£³ 331)

   {]Xnbv¡v am\knItcmKw CÃmXmbXn\p tijw aPnkvt{S«nt\m tImSXnbvt¡m hnNmcW GXp kab¯pw Bcw`n¡mhp¶XmWv.  CXn\mbn {]Xntb tImSXnbpsS ap¼msI lmPcmIphmt\m sIm­phmcs¸Smt\m \nÀtZin¡mhp¶XmWv.  C{]Imcw tImSXntbm CXn\mbn \nba¨n BfpsS ap¼msI {]Xn lmPcmhpItbm lmPcm¡s¸SpItbm sN¿pt¼mÄ {]Xn¡v {]XnhmZw sN¿m³ Ignhps­¶v B DtZymKس \ÂIp¶ kÀ«n^nt¡äv sXfnhmbn FSp¡p¶XmWv.

      {]Xnsb C{]Imcw lmPcm¡s¸SpItbm lmPcmhpItbm sN¿pt¼mÄ AbmÄ¡v {]XnhmZw sN¿m³ Ignhps­¶v tImSXnbv¡v t_m[yamIpt¼mÄ hnNmcW XpScmhp¶XmWv.  (sk£³ 332)

   F¶m {]Xnbv¡v At¸mgpw am\knI tcmKas­¶v IcpXp¶ ]£w {]Xnsb  sk£³ 328, 329 hIp¸pIfnse hyhØIÄ¡v A\pkcn¨pff \S]Sn{Ia§Ä \St¯­XmWv.

        {]Xn am\knImtcmKyapffbmfmsW¶v t_m[ys¸«m AbmÄsIXnsc hnNmcW \St¯­Xpw {]Xn amknImtcmKyapff kba¯v sNbvXXmbncp¶psh¦n in£n¡s¸Spambncp¶ IrXyw sNbvXXmbpw sXfnhv lmPcm¡s¸SpIbpw F¶m B IrXyw \S¯p¶ kab¯v AbmÄ Xm³ sN¿p¶Xv IpäamsW¶v a\Ênem¡m³ Ignbm¯ Hcp AhØbnembncp¶psh¶v sXfnbpIbpw sNbXm³ aPnkvt{S«v hnNmcW XpStc­Xpw skj³kv tImSXnbn hnNmcW sNt¿­ tIkmsW¦n {]Xntb skj³kv tImSXbntebv¡v I½näv sNt¿­XpamWv.  (sk£³ 333)

Ipäw BWv sN¿p¶sX¶v a\Ênem¡m³ IgnbmXncp¶ Hcp AhØbn IpäIrXyw sN¿pt¼mÄ am\knItcmKnbmsW¶ ImcW¯m Abmsf Ipähnapà\m¡pt¼mÄ, AbmÄ IpäIrXyw sNbvXpthm CÃtbm F¶v hyàam¡nbncnt¡­XmWv. (sk£³ 334)

        AbmÄ Ipäw sNbvXXmbn sXfnªm Abmsf aPnkvt{S«nt\m tImSXnbvt¡m bpàsa¶p tXm¶p¶ Øe¯v XS¦en kq£n¡m³ D¯chmIpItbm Asæn Abmsf AbmfpsS kplr¯ns\tbm _Ôhnt\tbm F¸nt¡­XmWv.

tcJtbm km[\tam lmPcm¡m³ \nÀt±in¨n«pw A{]Imcw sN¿mXncn¡Â

Hcp {Inan\ tImSXnbpsS ap¼msI tcJtbm km[\tam lmPcm¡m³ hnfn¡s¸« GsX¦nepw km£ntbm atäm AbmtfmSv tNmZn¡p¶ tNmZy§Ä¡v D¯cw \ÂImt\m AbmfpsS ssIhi¯nepfftXm A[nImc¯nepfftXm tImSXn AbmtfmSv lmPcm¡m³ \nÀt±in¨n«pfftXm GsX¦nepw tcJtbm hkvXp¡tfm lmPcm¡m³ hnʽXn¡pIbpw A§s\bpff hnʽX¯n\v \ymbpàamb hni±oIcWw \ÂIm³ AbmÄ¡v Ahkcw \ÂInbn«pw A{]Imcw sN¿mXncn¡p¶psh¦n Abmsf Ggp Znhk¯n Ihnbm¯ Imet¯¡v XShv in£b¡v hn[n¡p¶XmWv. sk£³ 349

km£n ka³kv A\pkcn¨v lmPcmIm¯Xn\v in£n¡m\pff A[oImcw

        Hcp {Inan\ tImSXn ap¼msI lmPcmIp¶Xn\v ka³kv e`n¨n«pff km£n \nÝnX kab¯v lmPcmImXnc#n¡pIbpw AXn\v \oXnbpàamb hni±oIcWw \ÂImXncn¡pIbpw sNbvbpItbm Asæn AbmÄ lmPcmtI­ Øe¯v \n¶v AbmÄ \nbam\pkrXw t]mtI­ kab¯n\v ap¼v hn«pt]mhpItbm sNbvXm tImSXnbv¡v AbmÄs¡Xnsc \S]Sn FSp¡mhp¶Xpw AbmÄ¡v t\m«okv \ÂInbXn\ptijw 100 cq]bn Ihnbm¯ in£ hn[n¡pIbpw sN¿mXhp¶XmWv. sk£³ 350

C¯cw kw`hMvMfn sslt¡mXnsbmgnsIbpff GXp tImSXnbpsS hn[ns¡Xnscbpw A¸o kaÀ¸n¡phm³ A[nImcap­mbncn¡pw.

hymPamb sXfnhv \ÂIp¶Xn\pff hnNmcWbv¡pff k½dn \S]Sn{Iaw (sk£³ 340)

skj³kv tImSXn ap¼msIbpff hnNmcW

sk£³ 225

skj³kv tImSXnbn am{Xw hnNmcW sN¿mhp¶ tIkmsW¦nepw skj³kv tImSXn t\cn«v tIkv hnNmcWbvs¡Sp¡nÃ.  A[nImcs¸« Hcp aPnkvt{S«v BZyw B tIkv FSp¯Xn\v tijw AXv skj³kv tImSXnbntebv¡v I½näp sN¿p¶p. F¶m  CXn\v Hcp A]hmZapffXv D¶X hyànIsftbm ]_vfnIv skÀÆânt\tbm A]IoÀ¯ns¸Sp¯nbXp kw_Ôn¨pff tIkv Nne kmlNcy§fn skj³kv tImSXn t\cn«v hnNmcWbv¡v FSp¡p¶XmWv. C¯cw tIkpIÄ sk£³ 237 A\pkcn¨v aPnkvt{S«v tImSXn km[mcWbmbn hmdâv tIkv hnNmcW sN¿p¶Xpt]mse skj³kv tImSXnbpw Cu tIkv hnNmcW sN¿p¶XmXWv.

        skj³kv tImSXnbpsS ap¼msIbpff FÃm hnNmcWbpw ]_vfnIv t{]mknIyq«dmWv t{]mknIymj³ \St¯­X. (sk£³ 225)

{]Xnbv¡v Hcp h¡oens\ hbv¡m³ AhImiap­v. {]Xnbv¡v AXn\pff km¼¯nI tijn CÃm F¶v tImSXnbv¡v t_m[ys¸«m kÀ¡mÀ Nnehn Hcp h¡oens\ hbv¡m³ tImSXn \nÀt±in¡p¶XmWv.  tIkv  I½näv sNbvX aPnkvt{S«v t]meokv dnt¡mÀUv sNbvXv tÌävsaâv, F^v.sF.Bdnsâ ]IÀ¸v, XpS§nb sdt¡mÀUpIÄ {]Xnbv¡v \ÂInbn«p­v F¶v tIkv XpS§p¶Xn\v ap¼mbn«v skj³kv tImSXn Dd¸phcp¯p¶XmWv. {Inan\ \S]Sn \nba¯n CXns\¡pdn¨v {]tXyIn¨p ]dbp¶nsænepw skj³kv tImSXn km[mcWbmbn C{]Imcw {]hÀ¯n¡p¶p.

tIkv Bcw`nbv¡Â (209)

{]Xn tImSnbv¡v ap¼msI lmPcmhpItbm lmPcm¡s¸SpItbm sNbmXm t{]mknIyq«À AbmÄs¡Xnscbpff NmÀÖv hnhcn¡pIbpw AbmÄ Ipäw sNbvXn«p­v F¶v sXfnbn¡p¶Xn\mbn AbmÄs¡Xnsc Xm³ lmPcm¡m³ Dt±in¡p¶ sXfnhns\¡pdn¨v Npcp¡¯n hnhcn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. (sk£³ 226)

tIkv UnkvNmÀÖv sN¿Â

tIkv kw_Ôn¨  tcJIÄ ]cntim[n¡pIbpw I£nIÄ¡v ]dbm\pffXv tIÄ¡pIbpw sN¿Xn\ptijw {]XnsI¡Xnsc tIkv XpScp¶Xn\v aXnbmb kmlNcy§Ä CÃm F¶v tImSXnbv¡v t_m[ys¸«m tImSXn Abmsf UnkvNmÀÖv sN¿pIbpw B Imcy§Ä tcJs¸Sp¯pIbpw sN¿p¶p. (sk£³ 227)

NmÀPPv X¿mdm¡Â

 tIkv kw_Ôn¨  tcJIÄ ]cntim[n¡pIbpw I£nIÄ¡v ]dbm\pffXv tIÄ¡pIbpw sN¿Xn\ptijw {]XnsI¡Xnsc tIkv XpScp¶Xn\v aXnbmb kmlNcy§Ä D­v  F¶pw . Cu tIkv skj³kv tImSXnbn hnNmcW sNt¿­Xsöv F¶pw tImSXnbv¡v t_m[ys¸«m tImSXn {]Xns¡Xnsc NmÀÖv X¿mdm¡pIbpw tIkv hnNmcW sN¿p¶Xn\mbn No^v PpUojy aPnkvt{S«v tImSXnbntebv¡ Abbv¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. No^v PpUojy aPnkvt{S«v XpSÀ¶v t]meokv dnt¸mÀ«n³ta DSseSp¯n«pff hmdâv tIkv hnNmcW sN¿p¶ {]Imcw Cu tIkv hnNmcW sN¿p¶p.

        F¶m Cu tIkv skj³kv tImSXnbn hnNmcW sNt¿­XmsW¶v  tImSXnbv¡v t_m[ys¸«m tImSXn Ipämtcm]nXs\Xnsc NmÀÖv FgpXnbp­m¡p¶p. (sk£³ 228(1)  )

NmÀÖv {]Xnsb hmbn¨p tIĸn¡pIbpw AbmÄ Ipäw sNbvXXmbn k½Xn¡p¶pt­m AtXm hnNmcW sN¿Wsa¶v Bhiys¸Sp¶pt­m F¶v tImSXn AbmtfmSv At\zjn¡p¶p.

A]cm[nbmsW¶v k½Xn¨m in£n¡Â

tImSXn {]XntbmSv C{]Imcw tNmZn¡pt¼mÄ {]Xn Xm³ Ipäw sNbvXXmbn k½Xn¨m  tImSXn B Imcyw dnt¡mÀUv sN¿pIbpw ]n¶oSv tImSXnbpsS hnthN\m[nImcw D]tbmKn¨v {]Xnsb in£n¡mhp¶XpamWv. (sk£³ 229)

t{]mknIyqj³ sXfnhn\pff Xo¿Xn

Ipähmfn Ipäw \ntj[n¡pIbpw hnNmcW Bhiys¸SpIbpw sNbvXm tImSXn km£nsb hnkvXcn¡p¶Xn\mbn Xo¿Xn \nÝbn¡p¶p. t{]mknIyqj³ Bhiys¸«m km£nsb lmPcm¡p¶Xnt\m GsX¦nepw tcJIÄ lmPcm¡p¶Xnt\m Bhiyamb \S]SnIÄ tImSXn kzoIcn¡p¶p. (sk£³ 230)

t{]mknIyj³ `mKw sXfnhv (sk£³ 231 (1))

sXfnhv lmPcm¡p¶Xn\mbn \nÝbn¡s¸« Xo¿Xnbn tImSXn IqSpt¼mÄ t{]mknIyqj³ sXfnhn\mbn lmPcm¡nbn«pff FÃm sXfnhpIfpw tImSXn ]cntim[nt¡­XmWv. GsX¦nepw km£nsb hnkvXcn¡p¶Xp hsc atäX¦nepw km£nbpsS  FXnÀ hnkvXmcw amänhbv¡mt\m GsX¦nepw km£nsb t{Imkv hnkvXmc¯n\mbn ho­pw hnfn¡phmt\m  tImSXnbv¡v hnthN\m[oImc{]Imcw A\phZn¡mhp¶XmWv.

        t{]mknIyqj\v Xsâ `mKw sXfnbn¡¶Xn\mbn  FÃm tcJIfpw ]cntim[n¡mhp¶Xpw FÃm km£nIsfbpw hnkvXcn¡mhp¶Xpw.  F¶m [mcmfw km£nIÄ lmPcmbncn¡p¶ kµÀ`§fn Chcntemtcmcp¯scbpw {]XyIw hnkvXcn¡phm\pff _m[yX t{]mknIyqj\nÃ.   tImSXnbv¡v GXv tÌPnepw km£nIsf Xncn¨v hnfn¨v hnfnbv¡mhp¶XmWv.  ]_vfnIv t{]mknIyq«À km£nIsf ho­pw hnfn¡phm³ Bhiys¸Sp¶nÃmsb¦n AhcpsS km¶n[yw \nÀ_Ôambn Dd¸mt¡­ _m[yX tImSXnbv¡nÃ.

sXfnhv tcJs¸Sp¯Â  (sk£³ 276 (1))

        km£n hnkvXmcw \S¡pt¼mÄ  PUvPv kzbamtbm Asæn tImSXn \nÀt±in¡p¶bmtfm  AbmfpsS sXfnhv tcJs¸Spt¯­XmWv. C¯cw sXfnhv km[mcWbmbn hnhcWmßIambn hn[¯nembncn¡Ww tcJs¸Spt¯­XWv. F¶ncp¶mepw GsX¦nepw `mKw tNmtZym¯c coXnbn thWsa¶v tImSXnbv¡v tXm¶p¶ ]£w A{]Imcw tcJs¸Sp¯mhp¶XmWv. sk£³ 276 (2) .  km£n ]dbp¶Xv tImSXnbpsS `mjbnemsW¦n AtX `mjbn tcJs¸Sp¯mhp¶Xpw. asämcp `mjbnemWv km£n ]dbp¶sX¦n B `mjbn tcJs¸Spt¯­XmWv. F¶m AXv {]mtbmKnIasæn tImSXn `mjbntebv¡v AXv hnhÀ¯\w sNt¿­XmWv. XpSÀ¶ PUvPv AXn H¸ntS­XmWv.  F¶m CwKvfojnemWv km£n sXfnhv FSp¡p¶sX¦n  tImSXn `mjbntebv¡v AXv hnhÀ¯\w sN¿Wsa¶v Bcpw Bhiys¸SmXncn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶psh¦n tImSXnb¡v AXv hnhÀ¯\w sNt¿­XnÃ. sk£³ 277

        FÃm km£nIfn \n¶pw sXfnshSp¯v Ignªm {]XnbpsS km¶n[y¯n AXv AbmÄt¡m AbmÄ h¡o apJm´ncamWv lmPcmIp¶sX¦n h¡oent\m hmbn¨ptIĸnt¡­XmWv. Xncp¯Â hcp¯Wsa¦n AXv \S¯mhp¶XmWv.  sk£³ 278 (1) km£n¡v sXfnhv hmbn¨psImSp¡pt¼mÄ AbmÄ AXnsâ GsX¦nepw `mKw Xncp¯m³ km£n hnʽXn¡pIbmsW¦n AXv Xncp¯p¶Xn\v ]Icw PUvPn¡v AXn³ta km£n D¶bn¡p¶ Bt£]¯nsâ CXv kw_Ôn¨ Hcp sat½mdmWvUw Ipdn¡mhp¶Xpw Bhiysa¶p tXm¶p¶]£w AtXmsSm¸w dnamÀ¡pIÄ tNÀ¡mhp¶XmWv. sk£³ 278 (2)

        sXfnhv dn¡mÀUm¡p¶Xv AXv Dff `mjbn \n¶v hyXykvXamb Hcp `mjbnembcn¡pIbpw km£n¡v B `mj a\ÊnemhmXncn¡nIbpw sN¿p¶psh¦n B dn¡mÀUv AXv \ÂIs¸« `mjbnt#m AbmÄ¡v a\Ênemhp¶ Hcp `mjbntem AbmÄ¡v hnhÀ¯\w sNbvXpsImSpt¡­XmWv.  sk£³ 278 (3)

        C{]Imcw FSp¡p¶ sXfnhv A²y£X hln¡p¶ PUvPn H¸ntS­Xpw AXv dn¡mÀUnsâ `mKambn Xocp¶XpamWv. sk£³ 276 (3)

   km£nbpsS sXfnhv FSp¡p¶ Ahkc¯n km£n Fs´¦nepw `mhtNjvSIÄ {]ISn¸n¡p¶psh¦n PUvPn\v AXv dn¡mÀUm¡mhp¶XmWv. sk£³ 270. C{]Imcw sN¿p¶Xv {Sb tImSXn hnNmcW \S¯nbXnsâ aqeyw hnebncp¯p¶Xn\v  A¸o tImSXnb¡v Inbp¶XmWv.

hmZw : hm¡mepw tcJmaqehpw

sXfnhv FSp¯p Ignªm GsX¦nepw I£n¡v kw£n]vXamb hm¡m hnhmZw \S¯mhp¶XmWv. C¯cw hnhmZw Npcp¡¯nepffXsÃt¶m {]kàasÃt¶m tImSXnbv¡v t_m[ys¸Sp¶ ]£w tImSXnbv¡v AXv \nb{´n¡mhp¶XmWv. sk£³ 314 (1)  & (2)

     hm¡mepff hmZ¯n\v X¿mdmhp¶ I£n Xsâ tIkn\v ]n³_eamtb¡psa¶p IcpXs¸Sp¶ hmZ¯nsâ  Npcp¡hpw AXnse hnhn[ Xes¡«pIfpw AS§nb Hcp sat½mdmWvUw tImSXnbv¡v kaÀ¸nt¡­Xpw B sat½mdmWvUw dn¡mÀUmbn amdp¶XpamWv. B sat½mdmWvU¯nsâ Hcp ]IÀ¸v FXnÀ I£n¡v \ÂIp¶XpamWv.

        enJnXamb hmZw dn¡mÀUm¡p¶Xv Bhiyasöv tImSXn IcpXp¶nÃmsb¦n AXv ^b sN¿p¶Xn\pff \S]SnIÄ  \o«nshbv¡m³ ]mSnÃ.  sk£³ 314 (3) 

{]Xnsb hnkvXcn¡m\pff A[nImcw

hnNmcW \S¡pt¼mÄ {]Xn¡v sXfnhpIÄ X\n¡v FXncmbn hcp¶ ]cnXØnXIÄ t\cn«v hni±oIcn¡phm³ Ignbp¶Xn\pth­n {]Xn¡v ap¶dnbn¸v \ÂImsX tImSXnbv¡v tImSXnbv¡v Bhiysa¶p tXm¶p¶ tNmZy§Ä GsX¦nepw L«§fn {]XntbmSv tNmZn¡mhp¶XmWv.    t{]mknIyqj³ km£nIsf hnkvXcn¨Xn\v tijw {]Xn hmZw Bcw`n¡p¶Xn\v ap¼mbn tImSXnbv¡v AbmtfmSv tIkv kw_Ôn¨v kmam\yambn tNmZyw sN¿mhp¶XmWv.  C{]Imcw hnkvXcn¡s¸Spt¼mÄ {]Xnsbs¡m­v i]Yw sN¿n¡phm³ ]mSnÃ.. C§s\bpff tNmZy§Ä¡v {]Xn hnʽXn¡pItbm, sXämb adp]Sn \ÂIpItbm sNbvXm {]Xn in£mÀl\mIp¶nÃ.

        hnNmcW kab¯v {]Xn \ÂIp¶ adp]SnIÄ ]cnKW\bn FSp¡mhp¶Xpw AXv AbmÄ¡v A\pIqeamtbm {]XnIqeamtbm FSp¡mhp¶XpamWv.

GsX¦nepw km£n¡v ka³kv ]pds¸Sphn¡p¶Xn\p ap¼v hnNmcWbpsS Bhiy§Ä¡mbn jmPcm¡p¶Xn km£n¡v  t\cnSp¶ kymbamb sNehpIÄ tImSXnbn sI«nhbv¡m³ Bhiys¸«psIm­pff  D¯chv aPnkvt{S«n\v  ]pds¸Sphn¡mhp¶XmIp¶p.  t]meokv dnt¸mÀ«n³taeÃmsX hmd­v tIknepw  ta¸dª \S]Sn{Iaw Xs¶bmWv kzoIcnt¡­Xv

hnNmcWbv¡v tijw {]Xnsb Ipähnapàam¡Â sk£³ 232

         t{]mknIyqj\p th­n sXfnshSp¯Xn\v tijhpw   {]Xnsb hnkvXcn¨Xptijhpw tImXSn I£nIsf tIÄ¡p¶p.  AXn\v tijw {]Xn Ipäw sNbvXXn\v sXfnhnÃm F¶v tImSXnbv¡v t_m[ys¸«m tImSXn {]Xnsb Ipähnapà\m¡ns¡m­pff D¯chv ]pds¸Sphn¡p¶p.

{]XnhmZw sk£³ 233 (1) 

{]Xnsb Ipähnapà\m¡s¸«n«nÃmsb¦n  AbmtfmSv {]XnhmZ¯w \S¯m\pw AXn\v Xm§mbn AbmÄ¡v \ÂIm\pff sXfnhv \ÂIm\pw Bhiys¸Smhp¶XmWv.  {]Xn tcJmaqew Fs´¦nepw tÌävsaâv \ÂIp¶psh¦n PUvPv AXv dn¡mÀUnt\msSm¸w ^b sN¿Ww.  GsX¦nepw km£sb lmPcmIm³ \nÀ_Ôn¡p¶tXm GsX¦nepw tcJtbm km[\tam lmPcm¡m³ \nÀ_Ôn¡p¶tXm Bb GsX¦nepw t{]mkÊv ]pds¸Sphn¡phm³ {]Xn At]£n¡p¶psh¦n , A§s\ At]£ sImSp¡p¶Xv tIkn ImeXmaktam _p²nap«pItfm D­m¡m\à F¶p  PUvPn¡v t_m[ys¸Sp¶psh¦n A{]Imcw t{]mkÊv ]pds¸Sphn¡m\hp¶XmWv.

hmZw (Arguments)

{]Xn`mKw km£nIfps­¦n AhcpsS hnkvXmcw ]qÀ¯nbmIpt¼mÄ t{]mknIyq«À Xsâ  tIkv D]kwlcnt¡­Xpw {]Xnt¡m AbmfpsS h¡oent\m adp]Sn ]dbm³ AhImiap­mbncn¡p¶XpWv.

Ipähnapà\m¡p¶tXm Ipä¡mc\m¡pItbm sN¿p¶ \S]Sn

hmZhpw \nba{]iv\§fn Fs´¦nepw ]dbm\pff tIÄ¡pIbpw sNbvXXn\ptijw PUvPn tIkn hn[n {]kvXmhn¡p¶p.  sk£³ 235

{]Xn \nc]cm[nbmsW¶v ImWp¶psh¦n aPnkvt{S«v  {]Xnsb Ipähnapà\m¡nsIm­pff D¯chv tcJ]s]Sp¯p¶p.

        {]Xn Ipä¡mc\msW¶v ImWp¶ ]£w  At±lw in£mhn[nbpsS {]iv\¯n ta  {]Xn¡p ]dbm\pffXv tI«tijw  \nbam\pkrXamb in£ hn[n¡p¶p.

ka³kv tIkv hnNmcW \S¯s¸Sp¶sX§ns\ ? 

        ka³kv tIkv XmcXtay\ Kuchw Ipdª tIkpIfmWv. AXpsIm­v hmd­v tIkpIfptSXpt]msebpff ZoÀLamb hnNmcW ka³kv tIkpIfn CÃ. Hcp ka³kv tIkn {]Xnsb aPnkvt{S«nsâ ap¶n lmcm¡pItbm {]Xn lmPcmhpItbm sN¿pt¼mÄ F´v IpäamWv AbmÄs¡Xnsc Npa¯nbn«pffsX¶pw B Ipä¯nsâ hnhc§Ä AbmÄ¡v ]dªpsImSp¡pIbpw AbmÄ A]cm[nbmsW¶v k½Xn¡p¶pt­m Asæn AbmÄ¡v hà {]XnhmZhpw sN¿m\pt­m F¶v AbmtfmSv tNmZn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶XmWv.  F¶m AbmÄs¡Xnsc Hu]NmcnIamb NmÀÖv X¿mdmt¡­XnÃm¯XpamWv. sk£³ 251

 A]cm[nbmsW¶v k½Xn¨m Ipäw sNbvXXmbn {]Jym]n¡Â

 Xm³ Ipäw sNbvXXmbn {]Xn k½Xn¨m aPnkvt{S«v B k½Xw AbmÄ D]tbmKn¨ hm¡pIfpsS Ignbp¶{X ASp¯p hcp¶ hm¡pIfn dn¡mÀUmt¡­Xpw, AXv {]Xnsb hmbn¨ptIĸnt¡­XpamWv. aPnkvt{S«n\v kz´w hnthIw D]tbmKn¨v Abmsf Ipäw sNbvXbmfmbn {]Jym]n¡mhp¶XpamWv.

 sNdpXcw tIkpIfn {]XnbpsS Akm¶n²y¯n A]cm[nbmsW¶v kaaXn¡p¶Xn¡p¶Xn³taepff IpäØm]\w

 sk£³ 206 {]Imcw ka³kv ]pds¸Sphn¨ncn¡pIbpw {]Xn aPnkvt{S«nsâ ap¼msI lmPcmImsX NmÀPn\v A]cm[nbmsW¶v k½Xn¡phm³  B{Kln¡pIbpw AbmÄ Xsâ k½Xw AS§nb I¯pw ka³kn \nÀt±in¨{]Imcapff ]ngbpsS XpIbpw aPnkvt{S«n\v t]mÌphgntbm BÄhgntbm Ab¨psImSpt¡­XpamWv.  sk£³ 253

k½dn hnNmcW F¶mse´v ?

Xmsg sImSp¯ncn¡p¶ aPnkvt{S«pamÀ¡v k½dntIkpIÄ hnNmcW sN¿p¶Xn\v A[nImcap­v. (sk£³ 260(1))

1. No^v PpUojy aPnkvt{S«v
2. FXv sat{Sms]mfojy³ aPnkvt{S«n\pw
3. sslt¡mSXn A[nImcs¸Sp¯nb FXp H¶mw Ivfmkv aPnkvt{S«n\pw
4. ]ng in£ am{Xtam Bdpamk¯n Ihnbm¯ Imet¯¡pff XShv in£tbm  \ÂIn in£n¡mhp¶ GsX¦nepw Ipähpw A§s\bpff GsX¦nepw Ipä¯n\pff t{]cWbpw Ipäw sN¿m\pff GsX¦nepw {iahpw Dff tIkn c­mw Ivfmkv aPnkvt{S«n\v k½dn hnNmcW \S¯m\pff  A[nImcw sslt¡mSXnbv¡v \ÂImhp¶XmWv. (sk£³ 261)

ta¸dª {]Imcw A[nImcw e`n¨n«nÃm¯ aPnkv{S«v GsX¦nepw Ipä§Ä¡v k½dn hnNmcW \S¯nbm B hnNmcW Akm[phmIp¶XmWv. (sk£³ 461(Fw)

k½dnbmbn hnNmcW sN¿mhp¶ tIkpIÄ (sk£³ 260(2) )

1.          acW in£tbm, Poh]cy´w XSthm, c­p hÀj¯n IqSpX XSthm in£ e`n¡mhp¶ tIkpIÄ Hgn¨pff aäp tIkpIÄ

2.         C³Uy³ in£m \nba¯nse sk£³ 379, 380, 381 F¶nhbpsS Iogn hcp¶Xpw tamjvSn¡s¸« hkvXphnsâ aqeyw c­mbncw cq]bn IhnbmXncn¡p¶Xpamb tIkpIÄ

3.         C³Uy³ in£m \nba¯nse sk£³ 411 \v Iogn hcp¶Xpw  aqeyw c­mbncw cq]bn IhnbmXncn¡p¶Xpamb Ifhp apX hm§pItbm h¨psIm­ncn¡pItbm kw_Ôn¨ tIkpIÄ

4.         C³Uy³ in£m \nba¯nse sk£³ 414 \v Iogn hcp¶Xpw  aqeyw c­mbncw cq]bn IhnbmXncn¡p¶Xpamb Ifhp apX Hfn¸n¨phbv¡pItbm AXv hn¡p¶Xn\pff klmbw \ÂIpItbm sNbvXXp kw_Ôn¨ tIkpIÄ

5.         C³Uy³ in£m \nba¯nse sk£³ 454, 456 F¶nhbv¡v  Iogn hcp¶Xpw 

6.         C³Uy³ in£m \nba¯nse sk£³ 504 \v Iogn hcp¶Xpw kam[m\w ewLn¡p¶Xn\v {]tIm]\w \ÂIWsa¶ Dt±ln¨psIm­pff A]am\n¡epw C³Uy³ in£m \nba¯nse sk£³ 506 \v Iogn hcp¶ IpäIcamb `bs¸Sp¯epw kw_Ôn¨pff tIkpIÄ

7.         ta¸dª GsX¦nepw Ipä¯n\v t{]cn¸n¡Â

8.         ap³]dª GsX¦nepw Ipäw sN¿m\pff {iaw IpäIcamhpt¼mÄ A§s\bpff {iaw (Attempt)

9.         GXp IrXyw kw_Ôn¨mtWm I¶pImen AXn{Ia BIväv 1871  se sk£³ 21 {]Imcw ]cmXn sImSp¡mhp¶Xv, A§s\bpff IXr¯m Ipäam¡s¸Sp¶ GsX¦nepw  Ipäw.

\S]Sn{Ia§Ä

    Hcp ka³kv tIkv hnNmcW sN¿p¶Xn\v km[mcWbmbn kznIcn¡#p¶ \S]Sn{Ia§f\pkcn¨mWv k½dntIkpIfpw hnNmcW sNt¿­Xv. (sk£³ 262(1)

k½dn hnNmcW km[mcW hnNmcWbmbn amdp¶ kµÀ`w GXmWv ? 

    k½dn hnNmcWbv¡nSbn k½dnbmbn hnNmcW sN¿p¶Xv A`nejWobaÃm¯ hn[apffXmWv tIknsâ kz`mhsa¶v aPnkvt{S«n\v tXm¶p¶psh¦n At±lw GsX¦nepw km£nIsf hnkvXcn¡s¸«n«ps­¦n Ahsc XncnsI hnfn¡pIbpw, Cu \nbakwlnX hyhØ sN¿p¶ coXnbn tIkv ho­pw tIÄ¡phm³ \S]Sn XpScpIbpw sNt¿­XmIp¶p. 

in£

k½dn hnNmW \S¯n GsX¦nepw {]Xn Ipä¡mc\msW¶v Is­¯nbm aq¶p aqk¯n IqSpX hcmhp¶ Hcp in£bpw Ipä¡mcs\Xnsc hn[n¡phm³ ]mSnÃ. (sk£³ 262(2)

k½dn hnNmcWIfpsS dn¡mÀUv

k½dn hnNmcW sN¿p¶ FÃm tIknepw kwØm\ kÀ¡mÀ \nÀt±in¡p¶ hn[¯n aPnkvt{S«v Xmsg ]dbp¶ hnhc§Ä tcJs¸Spt¯­XmWv

1. tIknsâ \¼À
2. Ipäw sNbvX XobXn
3. dnt¸mÀ«nsâtbm ]cmXnbptStbm XobXn
4. ]cmXn¡mcsâ t]cv
5. {]XnbpsS t]cpw, amXm]nXm¡Ä BcmsW¶pffXpw XmakØehpw
6. ]cmXns¸« Ipähpw sXfnbn¡s¸« Ipähpw  GsX¦nepw hkvXphpambn _Ôs¸« IpäIrXy¯n B hkvXphnsâ aqeyw
7. {]XnbpsS hmZhpw AbmfpsS hnkvXmchpw
8. XoÀ¸v
9. in£mhn[n Asæn aäv A´na D¯chv
10. \S]Sn Ahkm\n¨ Xo¿Xn

k½dn hnNmcW sNbvXn«pff tIkpIfn ({]Xn Ipä¡mc\msW¶v k½Xn¡m¯ tIÊpIfnÂ) aPnkvt{S«v sXfnhnsâ kmcmwihpw XoÀ¸n\pff ImcW§Ä kw{Kln¨v sIm­pff Hcp {]kvXmh\ AS§nb hn[n\ymbhpw tcJs¸Spt¯­XmIp¶p. (sk£³ 264) tcJIfpw hn[n\ymbhpw tImSXnbnse `mjbn FgptX­XpamIp¶p. (sk£³ 265)

    ap³]dª tcJItfm hn[n\ymbtam Ah c­ptam No^v PpUojy aPnkvt{S«v CXn\mbn \nban¡p¶ DtZymKس apJm´ncw X¿mdm¡phm³ Ipä§Ä k½dn hnNmcW sN¿phm³ A[nImcs¸«n«pff GsX¦nepw aPnkvt{SW«n\v \ÂIphm³  sslt¡mSXnbv¡v A[nImcw \ÂImhp¶Xpw A{]Imcw X¿mdm¡p¶ tcJItfm hn[n\ymbtam A§s\bpff aPnkvt{S«v H¸ntS­XpamIp¶p.

hn[n\ymbw  (judgment)F¶mse´v  ?  sk£³ 353 apXÂ 365

        hn[n\ymbs¯¡pdn¨v {Inan\ \S]Sn \nbakwlnXbn hnhcn¡p¶nÃ.  Ipämtcm]nX\mb hyàn Ipä¡mc\mtWm \nc]cm[nbmtWm F¶v tImSXn A´nambn Xocpam\n¡p¶Xns\bmWv hn[n F¶p ]dbp¶Xv. Ipä¡mc\msW¶v Is­¯p¶ ]£w AbmÄ¡v \ÂIp¶ in£sb¡pdn¨pw hn[nbn ]dªncn¡p¶XmWv. hn[n Hcp tImSXnbpsS A´naambn«pff {]Jym]\ambncn¡Wsa¶pffXpsIm­v UnkvNmÀÖv sNbvXpsIm­pff hn[n Ahkm\ {]Jym]\ambn IW¡m¡m\mhnÃ. ImcWw tImSXnbv¡v thsצn UnkvNmÀÖv tIkn ]pXnbXmbn ]cmXn kzoIcn¨v \S]Sn Bcw`n¡mhp¶XmWv.

hn[nbnse `mjbpw LSI§fpw  sk£³ 354

        tImSXnbpsS `mjbnembncn¡Ww FÃm hn[nbpw FgpXnbncnt¡­Xv. sk£³ 272 {]Imcw tImSXn `mj \nÝbnt¡­Xv _Ôs¸« kwØm\ kÀ¡mcmWv. 

2.  FÃm hn[nbnepw A{]Icmw Xocpam\¯nse¯nbXp kw_Ôn¨pff ImcW§fpw kqN\Ifpw D­mbncn¡Ww

HcmÄs¡Xnsc  NmÀÖv sN¿pt¼mgpff Imcyhnhc]{XnI apX¡pXs¶ {Inan\ tIkn hn[n XpS§p¶p F¶p thsצn ]dbmhp¶XmWv.

3; {]Xnsb IpäØm]\w sNbvXn«pffXv C³Uy³ in£m \nba¯ntem aäp \nb§fntem GXp hIp¸v {]ImcamsW¶pw i£ hn[n¡p¶Xv GXp hIp¸p {]ImcamsW¶pw hn[nbn D­mbncn¡Ww. {]Xnsb Ipähnapà\m¡p¶ hn[n\ymbamsW¦n {]Xn GXp Ipä¯n\mtWm Ipähnapà\m¡s¸«n«pffXv B Ipäw {]Ømhn¡pIbpw Abmsf kzX{´\m¡phm³ \nÀtZin¡pIbpw sNt¿­XmWv.

        acW in£ hn[n¡pIbmsW¦n AXntebv¡v \bn¨ {]tXyI ImcW§s¡#pdn¨n hn[n\ymb¯n {]kvXmhn¨ncnt¡­XmsW¶v sk£³ 354 (3)  ]dbp¶p­v.  IqSmsX h[ in£ hn[n¡pIbmsW¦n Abmsf Igp¯n Ibdn«v Ipcp¡n acWw hsc Xqt¡­XmsW¶v ]dªncn¡Ww.

hn[n\ymb¯nse `mj (judgment)

1.         Xpd¶ tImSXnbn (open court) h¨mbncn¡Ww hn[n {]kvXmhnt¡­Xv. FÃmhcpw tIÄs¡ AXv apgpht\m Asæn AXnsâ \S¸mt¡­ `mKtam (operating part) D¨¯n hmbn¨ncn¡Ww.  hn[nbpsS DffS¡w {]Xnbvt¡m Asæn AbmfpsS ]vfoUÀt¡m a\Ênemhp¶ `mjbn hnhcn¨ncnt¡­XmWv. (sk£³ 353)  hn[n\ymb¯n {]nsskUnwKv Hm^okÀ Xpd¶ tImSXnbn h¨v Xo¿Xnbpw H¸pw tcJs¸Spt¯­XmWv.  Abmfà AXv FgpXnbsX¦n AXnse Hmtcm t]Pnepw {]nsskUnwKv Hm^okÀ H¸n«ncnt¡­XmWv.  AXntâ Hcp ]IÀ¸v ]cntim[\bv¡mbn DS³ Xs¶ I£nIÄt¡m AhcpsS ]vfoUÀamÀt¡m \ÂtI­XmWv. 

2.        {]Xn IÌUnbnemsW¦n hn[n tIÄ¡m\mbn Abmsf tImSXnbn F¯nt¡­XmWv. AbmÄ IÌUnbnesæn Abmsf AbmfpsS hyàn]camb km¶n[yw ths­¶p h¨ncn¡pItbm  Asæn shdpw ss^³ am{XamWv hn[n F¶pfft¸mtgm Abmsf Ipähnapà\m¡pItbm sN¿s¸Sp¶ kmlNcy¯neÃmsX aäp kmlNcy§fn hn[n tIÄ¡p¶Xn\mbn lmPcmIm³ {]Xn¡v \nÀt±iw \ÂInbncnt¡­XmWv.  F¶m H¶ne[nIw IpähmfnIfp­mbncn¡pIbpw Ahcn NneÀ lmPcmImXncn¡pIbpw sNbvXn«pff kµÀ`§fn ImeXmakw Hgnhm¡p¶Xn\mbn A²y£X hln¡p¶ DtZymKØ\v hn[n XoÀ¸m¡p¶Xn A\mhiyamb ImeXmakw Hgnhm¡p¶Xn\mbn Ipd¨pt]À k¶nlnXcsænepw hn[n {]kvXmhn¡mhp¶XmWv.

{Inan\ tImSXn ]pds¸Sphn¡p¶ Hcp hn[n\ymbahpw {]Xntbm AbmfpsS ]vfoUtdm lmPcmImXncp¶XpsImt­m Asæn hn[n {]Jym]n¡p¶ Xo¿Xnbpw Øehpw Adnbn¨psIm­pff t\m«okv _Ôs¸« I£nIÄ¡v e`n¨ncp¶nÃ. F¶ ImcW¯mtem Akm[phmIp¶nÃ.

h[in£ hn[n¡pt¼mÄ AXv ØncoIcn¡p¶Xn\pff \S]SnIsfs´ÃmamWv ?   

        sk£³ 366 \v hnt[bambn skj³kv tImSXn HcmÄ¡v h[in£ \ÂIpt¼mÄ in£ \S¸m¡p¶Xn\mbn  \S]Sn{Iaw sslt¡mSXnbn kaÀ¸nt¡­Xpw sslt¡mSXnbpsS  ØncoIcWw e`n¨m am{Xta in£ \S¸nem¡phm³ ]mSpffq (sk£³ 368). in£ hn[n¨ tImSXn {]Xntb Pbnen Abbvt¡­XmWv.

        C{]Imcw skj³kv tImSXnbn \n¶v \S]Sn{Iaw kw_Ôn¨ Imcy§Ä e`n¨m sslt¡mSXn kzbw  IqSpX At\zjWw \S¯pIbpw  IqSpX sXfnhv FSp¡pItbm Asæn skj³kv tImSXntbmSv  C{]Imcw \S]Sn kzoIcn¡phm³ \nÀtZin¡pItbm sN¿p¶XmWv.

        At\zjW¯n\v tijw sslt¡mSXn h[in£ icnhbv¡pItbm, Asæn \nba{]Imcapff asämcp in£ hn[n¡pItbm Asæn h[ in£ d±m¡pItbm Asæn CtX tIkn ho­pw Hcp hnNmcW \S¯phm³ \nt±in¡pItbm Asæn {]Xnsb Ipähnapà\m¡pItbm sN¿p¶XmWv.

        {]Xn CXn\Iw A¸o kaÀ¸n¨n«ps­¦n A¸o XoÀ¸mIp¶Xphsc h[ in£ ØncoIcn¨psIm­pff D¯chv sslt¡mSXn ]pds¸Sphn¡phm³ ]mSnÃ.

  sslt¡mSXn Hcmsf h[in£bv¡v hn[n¡pIbpw AXns\Xnsc AbmÄ `cWLS\bpsS BÀ«n¡nÄ 134 \v hnt[bambn kp{]ow tImSXnbn A¸o kaÀ¸n¡pIbpw sNbvXn«ps­¦n hn[n \S¸m¡Â amänhbv¡m³ A¸o XoÀ¸mIp¶Xphsctbm Asæn A¸o ]cnKWn¡m\pff kab ]cn[n Ahkm\n¡p¶Xphsctbm sslt¡mSXn \nÀtZin¡p¶XmWv.

        h[in£bv¡v hn[n¡s¸«Xv Hcp kv{Xnsbbmbncn¡pIbpw B kv{Xo KÀ`nWnbmsW¶v ImWs¸SpIbpw sN¿p¶ kµÀ`§fn hn[n \S¸m¡Â amänhbv¡m\pw DNnXsa¶v tXm¶p¶ ]£w h[ in£ Poh]cy´w XShv in£bmbn amäm\pw sslt¡mXn \nÀtZin¡p¶XmWv.

        h[ in£ ØncoIcn¨psIm­pff sslt¡mSXnbpsS D¯chn  Gähpw Npcp§nbXv cc­v PUvPnamsc¦nepw H¸ph¨ncnt¡­XmWv.

A¸oen³tatem dnhnj\ptatem sslt¡mSXn Bscsb¦nepw h[in£bv¡v hn[n¨m sslt¡mSXnbpsS D¯chv e`n¨m skj³kv tImSXn D¯chv icnbmbhn[¯n \S¸m¡phm³ \nÀt±in¨psIm­v Pbnem[nImcnbv¡v \nÀ±njvS {]t^mÀabn hmdâv \ÂIp¶XmWv (sk£³ 413 & 414)

   AX\pkcn¨v h[ in£ \S¸nem¡nbm in£ \S¸nem¡nbXv kw_Ôn¨ hnhc§Ä tcJs¸Sp¯n Pbne[nImcn B hmdâv skj³kv tImSXnbv¡v Xncn¨bbv¡p¶XmWv. (sk£³ 430)

\jvS]cnlmcw \ÂIm³ hn[n¡m\pff {Inan\ÂtImSXnbpsS A[nImcw

        sk£³ 366 \v hnt[bambn tImSXnIÄ h[in£bpÄs¸sSbpff in£ hn[n¡pt¼mÄ ]ngbpw hn[n¨n«p­¦n t{]mknIyqj\v t\cn« sNehpIÄ \nI¯n\v sImSp¡p¶Xn\pw, IpäIrXy¯sâ ^eambn BÀs¡¦nepw Fs´¦nepw ]cnt¡m \jvStam D­mbn«ps­¦n AXn\pff \jvS]cnlmctam sImSp¡m\pw Bscsb¦nepw h[n¡pItbm Asæn AXn\v t{]cn¸n¡pItbm sN¿Xn«pff tIkpIfn amcI kw`h BIvSv 1855 \v hnt[bambn \jvS]cn]mclcw e`nbv¡phm³ AÀlXbpffbmfpIÄ¡v \jvS]cnlmcw \ÂIm\pw, tamjWw, IpäIcamb ZpÀhn\ntbmKw, IpäIcamb {SÌv ewL\w NXn, IfhvapX ssIhiw hbv¡Â, AXnsâ hn¸\b¡v klmbn¡Â XpS§nb IpäIrXy¯n\v \jvS]cn]mclcw e`nbv¡phm³ AÀlXbpffbmfpIÄ¡v \jvS]cnlmcw \ÂIm\pw tImSXnbv¡v hn[n¡mhp¶XmWv.

        IpäIrXy¯n\v hnt[b\mb hyàn¡v Fs´¦nepw \jvStam ]cnt¡m ]änbn«ps­¶v tImSXnbv¡v t_m[ys¸«m {]XntbmSv \jvS]cnlmcw \ÂIm³ tImSXnbv¡v in£bpsS `mKambn ]ng hcm¯ tIknepw \ntZin¡mhp¶XmWv. sk£³ 357(3)

     Cu hIp¸v {]Imcapff  D¯chv A¸o tImSXnbv¡pw, Asæn  dnhnj³ kab¯v skj³kv tImSXnbv¡pw sslt¡mSXnbv¡pw \ÂImhp¶XmWv.

        CtX tIkv kw_Ôn¨v ]n¶oSv GsX¦nepw knhn tImSXn \jvS]cnlmcw hn[n¡pt¼mÄ ap¼v \jvS]cnlmcw hn[n¨ Imcy§Ä IW¡nseSpt¡­XmWv.

ImcWanÃmsX AdÌv sN¿s¸« BÄ¡pff \jvS]cnlmcw (sk£³ 358(1)

        HcmÄ ImcWw t]meokv Hm^okÀ aämscb¦nepw Adkväv sN¿pIbpw ]n¶oSv C{]Icmw AdÌv sN¿s¸Sm\pff ImcW§sfm¶pw AbmfpsS `mK¯v \n¶v D­mbn«nÃm F¶v tImSXn Is­¯pIbpw sNbvXm AdÌn\v hnt[b\mb hyàn¡v AbmfpsS kab\jvS¯n\pw sNehpIÄ¡pambn bpàsa¶p tXm¶p¶Xpw F¶m Bbncw cq]bn Ihnbmb¯Xpamb XpI \jvS]cnlmcambn \ÂIm³ AdÌn\v ImcW¡mc\mb hyàntbmSv tImSXnbv¡v D¯chnSmhp¶XmWv.

        C{]Imcw H¶ntesd hyànIÄ AdÌv sN¿s¸«n«ps­¦n AhÀt¡mcpc¯À¡pw \jvS]cnlmcw \ÂIm³ AdÌn\v ImcW¡mc\mb hyàntbmSv tImSXnbv¡v D¯chnSmhp¶XmWv.   Cu XpI ]ng CuSm¡p¶ coXnbn CuSm¡p¶Xpw AXv \ÂtI­ hyàn¡v AXn\v IgnhnÃmsb¦n Abmsf 30 Znhk¯n IqSmsXbpff Znhkt¯¡v XShn ]mÀ¸n¡p¶XpamWv.

t\m¬ sImssák_nÄ tIkn tImSXn sNehv sImSp¡m\pff D¯chv

        t\m¬ sImssák_nÄ tIkn Bsc¦nepw ]cmXn \ÂIpIbpw AXp{]Imcw tImSXn kzoIcn¡p¶ \S]SbpsS ASnØm\¯n  {]Xn Ipä¡mc\msW¶v sXfnªm in£bv¡v ]pdta ]cmXn¡mc\v AbmÄ¡v t{]mknIyqj\n t\cn« tImSXnsNehv apgph\mtbm `mKnIamtbm \ÂIm³ {]XntbmSv tImSXnbv¡v D¯chnSmhp¶XmWv.   Cu XpI HSp¡p¶Xn hogvN hcp¯nbm Abmsf 30 Znhk¯n IqSmsXbpff Znhkt¯¡v XShn ]mÀ¸n¡p¶XpamWv. sk£³ 359

A¸o F¶mse´v ? 

IogvtImSXnbpsS hn[n icnbmtWm F¶v ]cntim[n¡m³ Iogv tImSXnbn \n¶v tIkv taÂtImSXnbntebv¡v amäp¶Xn\pff Hcp ]mÀ«nbpsS AhImi¯n\mWv A¸o F¶p ]dbp¶Xv.

`cWLS\b\pkcn¨v kp{]ow tImSXnbv¡v GXp tIknepw A¸o A\phZn¡m\pff AhImiap­v. (BÀ«n¡nÄ132,  134, 136)

IogvtImSXnbpsS hn[nbn A\ymbtam sXtäm \S¶Xmbn kwibn¡p¶ Ahkc¯n B hn[n Xncp¯n¡n«p¶Xnt\m amäp¶Xnt\m  ta tImSXnbn kaÀ¸n¡p¶ ]cmXnbv¡mWv A¸o F¶p ]dbp¶Xv. {Inan\ \S]Sn\nba{]Imcw Nne {]tXyI kmlNcy§fnte A¸o A\phZn¡p¶pffq.

{Inan\ tIkpIfn hnNmcW sNbvX tImSXn \ÂInb in£ A]cym]vXsa¶p tXm¶nbm kÀ¡mcn\v sslt¡mSXnbn A¸o t_m[n¸n¡mhp¶XmWv.  A¸o tImSXntbm, hnNmcW sNbvX BZys¯ tImSXntbm {]Xntb shdpsX hn«m kÀ¡mcn\v sslt¡mSXnbn A¸o t_m[n¸n¡mw.  Hcp kzmImcy hyàn sImSp¯ ]cmXnbpsS ASnØm\¯nemWv tIkv ^ben kzoIcn¨sX¦nÂ, {]Xnsb shdpsX hn«m A¸o ^b sN¿p¶Xn\v {]tXyIm\paXn Bhiys¸«psIm­v ]cmXn¡mc\v sslt¡mSXnsb kao]n¡mw. {]Xnsb shdpsX hn«Xns\Xncmbn sslt¡mSXXnbn sImSp¡p¶ A¸oen {]Xnsb h[in£t¡m, Poh]cy´w XShnt\m, ]t¯m AXne[nItam hÀj§Ä XShnt\m in£n¨m kp{]ow tImSXnbn A¸o sImSp¡mw

        {Inan\ tImSXnbpsS GsX¦nepw Xocpam\tam D¯cthm icnbmtWm, \nbahncp²amtWm, A\pNnXamtWm F¶pw \S]Sn{Ia§fn A]mIXbpt­m F¶pw ]cntim[n¨v XoÀ¸pI¸n¡p¶Xn\v sslt¡mSXnbv¡pw skj³kv tImSXn¡pw A[nImcw D­v. CXn\v ]thgvkv Hm^v dnhnj³ F¶p ]dbp¶p.

A¸o A\phZn¡m¯ kmlNcy§Ä GsXÃmw ? 

1. s]än tIkpIÄ  (sk£³ 376)
2. sslt¡mSXn  HcmÄ¡v Bdpamkw hsc XSthm   1000 cq] ]ngtbm c­pw IqSnbtbm hn[n¨m AXns\Xnsc A¸o \ÂIm\mhnÃ
3. skj³kvt¡mSXntbm sat{Sms]mfojy³ aPnkvt{S«v tImSXntbm HcmÄ¡v aq¶p amkw hsc XSthm   200 cq] ]ngtbm c­pw IqSnbtbm hn[n¨m AXns\Xnsc A¸o \ÂIm\mhnÃ
4. HcmÄ¡v ^Ìv Ivfmkv aPnkvt{S«t¡mSXn  100 cq] ]ng am{Xw hn[n¨m AXns\Xnsc A¸o \ÂIm\mhnÃ

4. No^v PpUojy aPnkvt{S«v tImSXntbm, sat{Sms]mfojy³ aPnkvt{S«v tImSXntbm sslt¡mSXn {]tXyIambn A[nImcs¸Sp¯nbn«pff ^Ìv Ivfmkv aPnkvt{S«t¡mSXntbm k½dn hnNmcW \S¯n  HcmÄ¡v 200 cq] ]ng am{Xw hn[n¨m AXns\Xnsc A¸o \ÂIm\mhnÃ

ta kmlNcy§fnepw ta ]dªn«pff in£ItfmsSm¸w atäsX¦nepw in£ IqSn Iq«nt¨À¯v hn[n¨n«ps­¦n A¸o kaÀ¸n¡m\pff AhImiw e`nbv¡p¶XmWv. F¶ncp¶mepw Xmsg ]dbp¶ kmlNcy§fpfft¸mÄ C{]Imcw A¸oen\pff AhImiw D­mbncn¡p¶XÃ.

1.                kam[m\w Øm]n¡p¶Xn\mbn HcmtfmSv skIyqcnän Bhiys¸« kµÀ`§fnÂ

2.               XShnt\msSm¸apff ]ng ASbv¡p¶Xn hogvN hcp¯nbXnsâ t]cn XShv in£ \ÂIp¶bhkc¯nÂ

3.               H¶n IqSpX ss^³ Npa¯nbn«pff kµÀ`§fn GÃm XpIbpw IqSn tNÀ¯m ta ]dª XpIbn IqSpX hcp¶nÃmsb¦nÂ

{]Xn Ipäw GäXnsâ ^eambn sslt¡mSXn in£ \ÂInbn«pff in£bn A¸o A\phZn¡p¶XÃ.

kwØm\ kÀ¡mcn\v A¸o \ÂIphm\pff AhImiw Ft¸msgÃmamWpffXv ?   

GsX¦nepw tIkn \ÂInb in£ A]cym]vXamsW¶v A`n{]mbapff ]£w  sslt¡mSXbn sk£³ 344(1) \v hnt[bambn A¸o kaÀ¸n¡phm³ _Ôs¸« kwØm\ kÀ¡mcpIÄ¡ ]_vfnIv t{]mknIyq«À¡v \nÀt±iw \ÂImhp¶XmWv.

 C{]Imcapff A¸o ^b sNbvXp Ignªm Ipähmfnbv¡v Xsâ ImcWw AhXcn¸n¡p¶Xn\pff Ahkcw \ÂImsX in£ hÀ²n¸n¡m\pff \S]Sn sslt¡mSXn kzoIcn¡pIbnÃ. Cubhkc¯n Ipähmfn¡v Xs¶ Ipähnapà\m¡Wsat¶m in£ eLqIcn¡Wsat¶m At]£n¡mhp¶XmWv.

IpäIrXys¯¡pdn¨v At\zjWw \S¯nbXv UÂln kvs]jy t]meokv FÌp_fnjvsasâm Asæn tI{µ Kh¬saân\v Iognepff atäsX¦nepw At\zjW GP³kntbm BsW¦n ]_vfnIv t{]mknIyq«À¡v A¸o ^b s N¿m\pff \nÀZtZiw \ÂtI­Xv tI{µ kÀ¡mcmWv.

Ipähnapà\m¡s¸«Xns\Xnscbpff A¸oÂ

sslt¡mSXnbÃm¯ GsX¦nepw tImSXn HdnPn\ tIkntem A¸o tIkntem  Asæn skj³kv tImSXn GsX¦nepw tIkn dnhnj\neqsStbm Bscsb¦nepw  Ipähnapà\m¡s¸« kmlNcy¯n sslt¡mSXnbn A¸o \ÂIm³ kwØm\ kÀ¡mcn\v ]_vfnIv t{]mknIyq«À¡v \nÀt±iw \ÂImhp¶XmWv.

kwØm\ kÀ¡mcnsâXÃm¯ A¸o Cu hIp¸v {]Imcw kzoIcn¡phm³ sslt¡mSXn¡v A[nImcanÃ. Cu hpI¸v {]Imcw A¸o \ÂIWtam Asæn \ÂImXncn¡Wtam F¶pff hnthN\m[nImcw kÀ¡mcn \n£n]vXamWv. Ipähnapà\m¡s¸«v Bdp amk¯n\Iw A¸o ^b sNbvXncnt¡­XmWv.

Ipähnapà\m¡s¸« tIkv Bcw`n¨Xv Hcp t]meokv dnt¸mÀ«nsâ ASnØm\¯nemsW¦n IpäIrXy¯n\v hnt[b\mbn F¶hImis¸Sp¶bmÄ¡v A¸o \ÂIm³ AhImianÃ.

Ipähnapà\m¡s¸« tIkv Bcw`n¨Xv Hcp kzImcy ]cmXnbpsS ASnØm\¯nemsW¦n ]cmXn¡mc\v shdpsX hn«Xns\Xnsc sslt¡mSXnbn A¸o kaÀ¸n¡mhp¶XmWv.  sslt¡mSXnbpsS A\phmZXvTXmsS am{Xta A¸o kaÀ¸n¡phm³ ]mSpffq. 60 Znhk¯n\Iw A¸o kaÀ¸n¨ncn¡Ww. 

A¸o s]äoj³

GXp A¸oepw s]äoj³ cq]¯nembncn¡Ww. A¸oÂImct\m AbmfpsS ]vfoUÀt¡m A¸o kaÀ¸n¡mw. A¸oent\msSm¸w hn[n]IÀ¸pw D­mbncn¡Ww.

A¸oÂImc³ PbnenemsW¦n A¸o Pbne[nImcn¡v \ÂInbm aXn. AXv Pbne[nImcn _Ôs¸« tImSXnbntebv¡v kaÀ¸n¡p¶XmWv.

A¸o tImSXnbpsS A[nImc§Ä Fs´ÃmamWv ? 

]cmXn ]cntim[n¡pIbpw  ]mÀ«nIsf hnkvXcn¡pIbpw sNbvXXn\ptijw Cu hnjb¯n CSs]tS­Xmb kmlNcy§Ä H¶pw CÃm F¶p A¸o tImSXnbv¡v t_m[ys¸Sp¶ ]£w A¸o Xffmhp¶XmWv.

AXsæn D¯chn amäw hcp¯mt\m IqSpXembn At\zjWw \S¯mt\m ]p\hnNmcW\S¯mt\m Asæn Ipähnapà\m¡s¸«bmÄ Ipäw sNbvXXmbn sXfnbp¶ ]£w Abmsf in£n¡mt\m A¸o tImSXnbv¡v A[nImcap­mbncn¡p¶XmWv.

A¸o ]cnKW\bnencn¡p¶bhkc¯n A¸oÂImc\pff  Pmayw (sk.389(3)

Pmayw \ntj[n¡p¶Xn\v {]tXyI ImcW§sfm¶pw CÃmsb¦n A¸o ]cnKW\bnencn¡p¶bhkc¯n A¸oÂImc\v Pmayw A\phZn¡phm³ A¸oÂtImSXnbv¡v A[nImcap­v.

Ipähmfn Ipäw k½Xn¨m B tIkn ]n¶oSv A¸o kaÀ¸n¡m\mhnÃ. F¶v sk£³ 375  ]dbp¶p. ImcWw Ipäk½Xw \S¯pt¼mÄ AbmÄ¡v A¸o \ÂIm\pff AhImiw CÃmXmhp¶p.

FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«vamcpw AhcpsS A[nImc§fpw

(1973 se {Inan\Â \S]Sn \nbaw 6-- mw hIp¸v)

FÃm PnÃIfnepw FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«pamsc \nban¡p¶Xn\v Cr.P.C bnse sk£³  20 kwØm\ kÀ¡mcn\v A[nImcw \ÂIp¶p.  C¯c¯n \nban¡s¸Sp¶ FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«pamcn Hcmsf PnÃm aPnkvt{S«mbn \nban¡p¶p.  CXp IqSmsX AUojW PnÃm aPnkvt{S«ns\bpw \nban¡mhp¶XmWv.

FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«pw PpUojy aPnkvt{S«pw X½nepff hyXymksa´v ?

FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«pamÀ kwØm\ kÀ¡mcnsâ t\cn«pff \nb{´W¯nemWv. FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«pamsc \nban¡p¶Xpw AhÀ AhcpsS IÀ¯hy§Ä \nÀÆln¡p¶XpsaÃmw kwØm\ kÀ¡mcnsâ \nb{´W¯n\v hnt[bambn«mWv. F¶m PpUojy aPnkvt{S«pamÀ sslt¡mSXnbpsS \nb{´W¯nepw taÂt\m«¯nepamWv {]hÀ¯n¡p¶Xv. PpUojy kz`mhapff {]hÀ¯\§Ä PpUojy aPnkvt{S«pamcpw  AUvan\nkvt{S«ohv/ FIvknIyq«ohv kz`mhapff {]hÀ¯\§Ä FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«pamcpw \nÀÆln¡p¶p.

{Inan\ \S]Sn \nba kwlnX {]Imcw FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«pamcpsS {][m\ IÀ¯hy§Ä Fs´ÃmamWv ?

kam[m\ ewL\tam AkzØamb A´co£tam D­mIm\nSbps­¶pff kmlNcyaps­¶v Adnhv In«nbm FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«v DS³ Xs¶ \S]SnIÄ kzoIcnt¡­XmWv. CXntâ BZy]Snbmbn FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«v Hcp D¯chnd¡p¶p. kam[m\hncp²amb {]hÀ¯nIÄ \S¯p¶Xn\v D¯chmZnIfmbhÀ Hcp sImïn Ihnbm¯ Imet¯¡v kam[m\w ]men¨psImffmsa¶v Pmay¡mÀ klnXtam AÃmsXtbm t_m­v FgpXnhbv¡mXncn¡phm³ ImcWw Bhiys¸«psIm­pff XmÂImenI D¯chmWnXv. _Ôs¸« I£n tImSXn ap¼msI lmPcmbn«ps­¦n B D¯chv t\cn«v AbmÄ¡v \ÂIp¶p. I£n lmPcnÃmsb¦n Hcp \nÝnX Znhkw lmPcmIWsa¶v \nÀt±in¨psIm­v AbmÄ¡v ka³kv Abbv¡p¶p. Abmsf DSs\ AdÌv sN¿mXncp¶m kam[m\ ewL\ap­mIpsa¶v FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«v  IcpXp¶psh¦n Abmsf DS³ AdÌv sNbvXv lmPcm¡m³ FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«n\v D¯chnSmhp¶XmWv. ka³knt\msSm¸w Xm¡menI D¯chpw Abv¨psImSp¡p¶p.

        Btcm]W hnt[b\mb hyàn FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«nsâ ap¼msI lmPcmbm Btcm]Ww kw_Ôn¨v Bhiyamb sXfnshSp¡pIbpw At\zjWw \S¯pIbpw sN¿mw. sXfnshSp¸v Xocp¶Xn\v ImeXmakaps­¦n AXphsc Hcp Xm¡menI t_m­v FgpXnhbv¡m³ I£ntbmSv Bhiys¸Smhp¶XmWv. A{]Imcw FgpXn hbv¡p¶Xphsctbm At\zjWw ]qÀ¯nbmIp¶Xphsctbm I£nsb XShn ]mÀ¸n¡mhp¶XmWv.

        At\zjWw Bdpamk¯n\Iw ]qÀ¯nbm¡nbncn¡Ww. sXfnshSp¸n\v tijw  Ahkm\ Xocpam\w ssIs¡mffp¶p. At¸mÄ ap³]v ]pds¸Sphn¨ D¯chv Øncs¸Sp¯pItbm sXfnhnsöp I­m I£nsb shdpsX hnSpItbm sN¿p¶p. t_m­v kaÀ¸n¡m³ \nÀt±in¨n«pw AXv sN¿m¯hsc aq¶p sImÃw hsc XShn ]mÀ¸n¡mhp¶XmWv.  (sk£³ 107 )

\nbahncp²amb kwLw tNc (sk£³ 129-þ132)

FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{St«m t]meokv tÌjsâ NmÀÖpff Hm^oktdm AbmfpsS A`mh¯n k_v C³kvs]IvSdpsS dm¦n Ipdbm¯ GsX¦nepw t]meokv Hm^oktdm At©m AXn IqSpXtem t]cS§nb kwL¯nsâ \nbahncp²amb kwLw tNc D­mhpIbpw AXv s]mXpPohnX¯nsâ kam[m\¯n\v  ieyamIpIbpw sN¿psa¶v IcpXp¶ ]£w B kwL¯nt\mSv ]ncnªpt]mIm³ D¯chnSmhp¶XmWv. C{]Imcw D¯chv e`n¨m DS³ ]ncnªpt]mtI­Xv B kwL¯nepffhcpsS ISambmWv.

     taÂ{]Imcw D¯chv e`n¨bpS³ B kwLw ]ncnªpt]mImXncnbv¡pIbpw ]ncnªpt]mImXncnbv¡m\pff Hcp Xocpam\w Ahcn \n¶v D­mIp¶Xmbn ImWpIbpw sNbvXm FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{St«m t]meokv Hm^oktdm B kwLs¯ _ew {]tbmKn¨v ]ncn¨p hnSm\pff \S]SnIÄ kzoIcnt¡­XmWv. (sk£³ 129)

        C{]Imcw ]ncnªpt]mIm³ Iq«m¡m¯ kwLs¯ ]ncn¨phnSm\mbn kmbp[ tk\bpsS klmbw D]tbmKs¸Sp¯phm\pw FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«n\v A[nImcap­v. F¶m kmbp[tk\ anXamb _e{]tbmKw am{Xta \S¯phm³ ]mSpffq. AXp hgn hyànIÄ¡pw kz¯n\pw anXamb ]cpt¡ F¸n¡phm³ ]mSpffq. aPnkvt{S«nsâ Akm¶n²y¯n AXymhiy kµÀ`§fn kmbp[tk\bnse I½ojâv Hm^okÀt¡m KkäUv Hm^okÀt¡m \nbahncp²amb kwLs¯ ]ncn¨phnSm³ _e{]tbmKw \S¯mhp¶XmWv. F¶m C{]Imcw {]hÀ¯n¨Xn\v tijw Gähpw thK¯n ASp¯pff aPnkvt{S«ns\ hnhcw Adnbn¨ncnt¡­XmWv.

        FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«n\v Bhiysa¶v sXm¶p¶]£w \nbahncp²amb P\¡q«s¯ ]ncn¨phnSp¶Xn\mbn kmbp[tk\bpsS klmbw sk£³ 130 {]Imcw Bhiys¸Smhp¶XmWv. FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«n\v \nbahncp²amb kwL¯nse AwK§sf Adkväv sN¿m\pw XS¦en hbv¡m\pw Ahsc \nba{]Imcw in£n¡m\pw A[nImcap­v.

aPnkvt{S«nsâ Akm¶n²y¯n AXymhiy kµÀ`§fn kmbp[tk\bnse I½ojâv Hm^okÀt¡m KkäUv Hm^okÀt¡m \nbahncp²amb kwLs¯ ]ncn¨phnSm³ _e{]tbmKw \S¯mhp¶XXpw B kwL¯nepffhsc AdÌv sNbvXv XS¦en hbv¡mhp¶XpamWv. C¯cw kµÀ`§fn Hm^okÀ FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«pambn _Ôs¸«v FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«nsâ \nÀt±i§Ä hm§nbncnt¡­XmWv. (sk£³ 131)

s]mXp iey§Ä F¶mse´v ?  s]mXp iey§Ä D­mIpt¼mÄ FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«v F´p \S]SnIfmWv kzoIcn¡p¶Xv ?

 (sk£³ 133þ143)

        s]mXp ieyw D­mbXmbn t]meokn \nt¶m Asæn aäv amÀ¤§fn \nt¶m hnhcw e`nbv¡pIbpw s]mXpieyw DffXmbn At\zjW¯n a\ÊnemhpIbpw sNbvX kmlNcy¯n PnÃm aPnkvt{St«m, k_v UnhnjW aPnkvt{St«m Asæn GsX¦nepw FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{St«m s]mXpieyw D­m¡nb hyàntbmSv B ieyw D­m¡p¶ Imcy§Ä CÃmXm¡pItbm amäpItbm XSbpItbm sNt¿­XmsW¶ tkm]m[nIamb Hcp D¯chv ]pds¸Sphnt¡­XmWv.

Xmsg ]dbp¶ s]mXpiey§sf kw_Ôn¨pff Adnhp e`nbv¡p¶ apdbv¡mWv Hcp FIvknIyq«ovhv aPnkvt{S«n\v B iey§Ä Hgnhm¡p¶Xn\mbn  sk£³ 133 A\pkncn¨v tkm]m[nIamb D¯chv ]pds¸Sphnt¡­Xv.

1. s]mXpP\§Ä \nbam\pkcWw D]tbmKn¡p¶ Øet¯m hgnbntem, \Znbntem, tXm«ntem Dff  XSʧfpw iey§fpw
2. GsX¦nepw hym]ctam sXmgntem \S¯p¶Xp hgntbm GsX¦nepw hkvXp¡tfm I¨hS¨c¡pItfm kq£n¡p¶Xp hgntbm s]mXpP\¯nsâ BtcmKy¯nt\m PohnX¯nt\m lm\n kw`hn¡pI
3. GsX¦nepw sI«nS \nÀ½mWw aqetam GsX¦nepw hkvXp FhnsSsb¦nepw \nt£]n¡p¶Xp aqetam Xo¸nSp¯¯n\pw kvt^mS\¯n\pw CSbm¡pI
4. sI«nSw IqSmcw aäp Nab§Ä, hr£§Ä F¶nhbpsS kao] {]tZi¯p Xmakn¡pItbm sXmgn sN¿pItbm sN¿p¶ BfpIÄ¡pw kao]¯pIqsS \St¡­ BfpIÄ¡pw A]ISw D­mI¯¡hn[¯n Ah hogmdmbn \n¡pI
5. s]mXpP\§Ä¡v A]ISw hcp¯nhbv¡p¶Xpw s]mXp hgnbntem kao]¯ntem Øet¯m Dff Ipfw InWÀ Ign F¶nh
6. A]ISIcamb arK§Ä  P\§Ä¡v ieyap­m¡p¶psh¦n AXns\ _Ônt¡­Xmbnt«m \in¸nt¡­Xmbnt«m D­mhpI.

ta ]dª XSÊtam ieytam Dff hgn, \Zn, tXmSv, Øew F¶nh kw_Ôn¨v s]mXpP\§Ä¡v AhImianà F¶ XÀ¡w D¶bn¡s¸«m AXn\v sXfnhv lmPcmt¡­XmWv. A{]Imcapff sXfnhv lmPcm¡nbm B XÀ¡w knhn tImSXn Xocpam\n¡p¶Xphsc FÃm \S]SnIfpw FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«v \nÀ¯n shbv¡p¶XmWv. F¶m s]mXpAhImis¯¸än XÀ¡w Csæntem XÀ¡¯n\SnØm\ambn sXfnhnsæntem \S]SnIÄ XpSÀ¶v \S¯p¶Xpw aäp Imcy§sf¡pdn¨v sXfnshSp¡p¶XpamWv. sXfnshSp¸v Ignªm tkm]m[nIambn BZyap­mb D¯chv Øncs¸Sp¯pItbm XpSÀ¶v aäp \S]nIÄ Bhiyansöv Xocpam\n¡pItbm sN¿p¶XmWv.

s]mXpieyw D­m¡nb hyàntbmSv B ieyw D­m¡p¶ Imcy§Ä CÃmXm¡pItbm amäpItbm XSbpItbm sNt¿­XmsW¶ tkm]m[nIamb Hcp D¯chv aPnkvt{S«v ]pds¸Sphnt¡­XmWv. AXn Bt£]apff ]£w FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«v ap¼msI lmPcmbn kam[m\w t_m[n¸n¨ncnt¡­XmsW¶v Adnbn¡p¶XmWv. AXp{]Imcw iey§Ä Hgnhm¡m\pff \S]SnIÄ I£n kzoIcn¨nÃmsb¦n FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«v ap¼msI lmPcmbn   kam[m\w t_m[n¸nt¡­Xpw CXn hogvN hcp¯p¶ ]£w sF.]n.kn. 188 hIp¸v {]Imcw I£nsb in£n¡p¶XpamWv.

sk£³ 144 {]Imcapff \S]SnIÄ

Bk¶amb B]¯pIfpw kwLÀjmhØbpw Hgnhm¡p¶Xn\v PnÃm aPnkvt{St«  k_vUnhnjW aPnkvt{St«m Asæn {]tXyIambn A[nImcs¸Sp¯nbn«pff GsX¦nepw  FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{St«m sk£³ 144 {]ImcamWv \S]SnIÄ kzoIcn¡p¶Xv.

Hcp {]tXyI {]hÀ¯n \S¯cpsXt¶m ssIhi¯ntem A[o\Xbntem Dff hkvXp¡Ä ssIhi¡mc³ Hcp {]tXyI \nÀt±iw A\pkcn¨v ssIImcyw sN¿Wsat¶m aPnkvt{S«n\v D¯chnSmhp¶XmWv. ASnb´ncambn sNt¿­XmsW¦n t\m«okv sImSp¡msX Xs¶ D¯chpIÄ ]pds¸Sphn¡mhp¶XmWv. Cu D¯chpIsf kw_Ôn¨v I£nIÄ Bt£]w D¶bn¨m aPnkvt{S«v AXp ]cnKWn¨v Xocpam\w FSpt¡­XmWv.

144 hIp¸v {]Imcapff D¯chpIÄ ]camh[n c­p amkt¯¡v am{Xta {]m_eyap­mbncn¡pIbpffq. F¶m t\m«n^nt¡j³ aptJ\ Cu D¯chpIfpsS Imemh[n Bdp amkw hsc \o«p¶Xn\v _Ôs¸« kÀ¡mcn\v A[nImcap­v. a\pjysâ Poht\m BtcmKy¯ns\m kpc£nXXz¯nt\m A]ISw kw_hnt¨¡psa¶v t_m²yaps­¦n am{Xta kÀ¡mÀ C{]Imcw Imemh[n \o«m³ ]mSpffq

Hcp {]tXyI hyàns¡Xnsctbm Hcp {]tZi¯v Xmakn¡p¶hÀs¡Xnsctbm Hcp {]tXyI Øe¯ IqSp¶ s]mXpP\§Äs¡Xnsctbm 144 hIp¸\pkcn¨v BÚIÄ ]pds¸Sphn¡mhp¶XmWv.

Ømhc hkvXp¡Ä kw_Ôn¨pff XÀ¡w

Ømhc hkvXp¡Ä kw_Ôn¨pff AhImi XÀ¡w kam[m\ ewL\¯n\nSbm¡p¶ kmlNcy§fn AsXmgnhm¡p¶Xn\mbn FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«vamÀ¡v CSs]Smhp¶XmWv. sI«nS§Ä, aÕy_Ô\w, N´IÄ, hnfIÄ, hmSItbm aämZmb§tfm e`n¡p¶Xn\pff AhImiw F¶nhsbÃmw Ømhc hkvXp¡Ä F¶Xnsâ \nÀÆN\¯nÂs¸Sp¶XmWv.

        aPnkvt{S«v Hcp Xm¡menI D¯chv ]mÊmt¡­Xpw _Ôs¸« I£nIÄ lmPcmIp¶Xn\v \nÀtZint¡­XpamWv. AXn\v tijw aXnbmb ImcWaps­¦n XÀ¡¯n\v hnjbamb hkvXp P]vXn sNbvXv dnkohsd \nban¨p tImSXnbpsS A[o\Xbn FSp¡mhp¶XmWv.

        I£nIÄ lmPcmbn ssIhis¯ kw_Ôn¨v Ccphn`mKhpw tcJmaqeapff tÌävsaâv lmPcmt¡­XmWv. Bhiyamb sXfnshSp¡p¶Xn\pw I£nIÄ¡v Ahkcw e`nbv¡p¶XmWv. ChsbÃmw ]cntim[n¨v bYmÀ° ssIhi¡mc³ Bcmbncp¶p F¶v Xocpam\n¡msa¦n AXp Xocpam\nt¡­Xpw AbmÄ¡v ssIhiw shbv¡p¶Xn\v AhImiw Ds­¶v D¯chmtI­XpamWv. F¶m knhn tImSXnsb kao]n¨v \nbam\pkrXw ssIhi¡mcs\ Hgn¸n¡p¶Xn\v Cu D¯chv XSÊamhpIbnÃ. hyànIÄ X½nepff AhImi§Ä Xocpam\n¡Wsa¶pffXà Cu \S]Sn{Ia§fpsS e£yw. adn¨v kam[m\ewL\w Hgnhm¡Wsa¶pw bYmÀ° ssIhi¡mc\v kwc£Ww sImSp¡Wsa¶pffXpamWv.

        ta¸dª {]Imcw bmsXmcp XÀ¡hpw \nehnenà F¶p tImSXnsb t_m²ys¸Sp¯nbm {]mcw` D¯chv d±m¡p¶XmWv. Ccphn`mK¡mÀ¡pw hnhmZkab¯v ssIhianÃmbncp¶psht¶m bYmÀ° ssIhi¡mc³ Bsc¶p Xocpam\n¡phm³ IgnbmsX hcnItbm BsW¦n A[nImcapff tImSXn I£nIfpsS AhImi§sf¸än Hcp Xocpam\¯nse¯p¶Xphsc hkvXp¡Ä P]vXn sNbvXp dnkohsc \nban¨v A[o\XbnseSp¡p¶XmWv. XÀ¡¯n DÄs¸«n«pff I£nIfpsS AhImi§Ä Xocpam\nt¡­Xv knhn tImSXnbmWv. {]mcw` D¯chv ]mÊm¡p¶ kabs¯ ØnXn, kam[m\ewL\w Hgnhm¡ns¡m­v \ne\nÀ¯pI F¶pffXmWv FIvknIyq«ovhv aPnkvt{S«pamcpsS NpaXe

        t]meokv DtZymKØsâ dnt¸mÀt«m aäp Xc¯nepff AdnhpItfm aPnkvt{S«n\v e`n¡p¶Xn\v sXm«p c­pamk¯n\pffnembn GsX¦nepw I£nsb _eambpw \nbahncp²ambpw Cd¡nhn«XmsW¶v aPnkvt{S«n\v t_m²yambm B I£n¡v hkvXp¡Ä ssIhiw hn«psImSp¡p¶XmWv.

hkvXphnsâ D]tbmKw kw_Ôn¨pff AhImi¯À¡§Ä

        hkvXphntâ D]tbmKs¯ kw_Ôn¨pff AhImi¯À¡w kam[m\ ewL\¯n Iemin¡p¶Xn\nSbpfft¸mgpw FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«v CSs¸Sp¶XmWv. hkvXp A{]Imcw D]tbmKn¡p¶Xn\v AhImiapt­m F¶p \nÀ®bn¡p¶Xn\pw AhImiaps­¦n AXv XSÊs¸Sp¯p¶Xv \ntcm[n¡p¶Xn\pw sk£³ 147 aPnkvt{S«n\v A[nImcw \ÂIp¶p. FÃm Ime¯pw D]tbmKn¡mhp¶ HchImiamsW¦n t]meokv dnt¸mÀt«m ]cmXntbm e`nbv¡p¶Xn\v sXm«p aq¶p amk¯n\Iambn B AhImiw hn\ntbmKn¨n«ps­¦n am{Xta Cu hIp¸\pkcn¨v \S]Sn kzoIcn¡phm³ ]mSpffq.  GsX¦nepw Hcp {]tXyI Øe¯v am{Xw D]tbmKn¡p¶ AhImiamsW¦n Cu \S]SnIÄ kzoIcn¡p¶Xn\v sXm«pap¼v Ignªpt]mb {]tXyI ImeL«¯n B AhImiw D]tbmKn¨ncp¶mepw Cu hIp¸ntâ ]cn[nbn hcp¶XmWv.

        FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«n\v Øew ]cntim[n¡p¶Xn\pw ]cnim[\ \S¯n¡p¶Xn\pw A[nImcap­v. A{]Imcapff ]cntim[\bn \n¶v shfnhmIp¶ hkvXpXIqSn Hcp Ahkm\ Xocpam\w FSp¡pt¼mÄ ]cnKWn¡p¶XmWv.

GsXÃmw kmlNcy§fnemWv amXm]nXm¡Ä¡v kwc£Ww  \ÂIm³ a¡tfmSv tImSXn D¯chnSp¶Xv.  ?

{Inan\Â \S]Sn \nba kwlnXbnse sk£³ 125 Â C{]Imcw ]dbp¶p.

Hcp A½bvt¡m AÑt\m kwc£WNnehv \ÂIm³ AhcpsS aIt\mSv Xmsg¸dbp¶ kµÀ`§fn tImSXnbv¡v Bhiys¸Smhp¶XmWv

1.                                     kwc£Ww Bhiys¸Sp¶ amXm]nXm¡Ä¡v kz´ambn Pohn¡m³ amÀ¤§fnÃmXmhpI

2.                                    aI\v amXm]nXm¡Ä¡v sNehn\v \ÂIm\mhp¶ hn[¯nepff kuIcy§Ä D­mbncn¡pI

3.                                    aI³ amXm]nXm¡fpsS kwc£W¯n\pff Bhiyw  \ntj[n¡pItbm AhKWnbv¡pItbm sN¿pI

sk£³ 125 (1) {]Imcw aIÄ¡pw ( hnhmlnXbmsW¦nepw Csænepw) amXm]nXm¡sf kwc£n¡m\pff _m[yXbps­¶v kp{]ow tImSXn  hn[n¨p

`mcybptSbpw a¡fptSbpw amXm]nXm¡fptSbpw kwc£Ww

`mcysbbpw a¡sfbpw kz´ambn Ignbm³  A{]m]vXcmb amXm]nXm¡sfbpw kwc£n¡pI F¶pffXv aXnbmb [\mKa amÀ¤apff Hcp ]pcjsâ {]IrXnZ¯amb IÀ¯hyamsW¶v.  {Ina\ \S]Sn \nbakwlnXbnse  hIp¸v 125  {]Xn]mZn¨ncn¡p¶p.

kwc£Ww AhImis¸Sm\ÀlXbpffhÀ BscÃmamWv ?

.  {Ina\ \S]Sn \nbakwlnXbnse  hIp¸v 125 {]Imcw Xmsg sImSp¯ncn¡p¶hÀ¡v Hcp ]pcpj\n \n¶v kwc£W Nnehv Bhiys¸Sphm³ \nba]cambn AÀlXbp­v.

6. `mcy

`mcybv¡v Xmsg sImSp¯ncn¡p¶ kmlNcy§fn AhfpsS `À¯mhn \n¶v Nnehn\v Bhiys¸Smw

1. `mcybv¡v kz´w \nebv¡v Ignbm\pff kmlNcyansænÂ
2. `À¯mhn\v tPmen sN¿phm\pff {]m]vXntbm [\mKacmÀ¤§tfm Ds­¦nÂ
3. `À¯mhv Ahsf Dt]£n¡pItbm AhÄ¡v sNehn\v \ÂIm³ hnʽXn¡pItbm sN¿p¶psh¦nÂ
4. `mcy hy`nNmc¯n GÀs¸«ncn¡p¶nà F¦nÂ
5. aXnbmb ImcW§fnÃmsX `mcy `À¯mhnt\msSm¯v Xmakn¡phm³ hnʽXn¡p¶nà F¦nÂ
6. ]ckv]c k½X¯nsâbSnØm\¯neà `mcy thdn«p Xmakn¡p¶Xv F¦nÂ

ta ]dbp¶ kmlNcy§Ä icnbmsW¶v tXm¶p¶ ]£w Hcp ^Ìv Ivfmkv aPnkvt{S«nt\m Asæn Hcp IpSpw_ tImSXnbvt¡m DNnXsa¶v tXm¶p¶ Hcp XpI {]Xnamkw `mcybv¡v sNehn\v \ÂIm³ D¯chnSmhp¶XmWv.   ap³ Ime§fn CXv {Ina\ \S]Sn \nbakwlnXbnse  hIp¸v 125 {]Imcw  500 cq]bmbncp¶p. F¶m 2001  {Ina\ \S]Sn \nbakwlnXbn t`ZKXn hcp¯nbt¸mÄ tImSXnbv¡v DNnXsa¶v tXm¶p¶ XpI sNehn\v \ÂIm³ D¯chnSm\pff A[nImcap­v.

`mcy {]mb]qÀ¯nbmbhtfm {]mb]qÀ¯nbmIm¯htfm BImw. {]mb]qÀ¯nbmIm¯mhfpw `À¯mhv Pohn¡m\mhiyamb hcpam\anÃm¯ AhØbnepamsW¦n AhÄ {]mb]qÀ¯nbmIp¶Xphsc sNenh\v \ÂIm³ AhfpsS AÑt\mSv D¯chnSm³ tImSXn¡v A[nImcap­v. 

Nne hyhØIÄ¡v hnt[bambn Xs¶msSm¸w Xmakn¨m sNehn\v sImSp¡msa¶v `À¯mhv Bhiys¸SpIbpw `mcy AXv \ntj[n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶ Ahkc¯n  `mcy A§s\ hnʽXn¡p¶Xn\pff ImcWw tImSXn ]cntim[n¡pIbpw  AXp{]Imcw A\ptbmPyamb D¯chv ]pds¸Sphn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶XmWv.  `À¯mhv asämcp hnhmlw Ign¡pItbm GsX¦nepw Hcp kv{Xosb sh¸m«nbm¡n shbv¡pItbm sNbvXncn¡p¶Xmbn sXfnªm `mcy AbmtfmsSm¸w Pohn¡m³ hnÊaXn¡p¶Xn\pff aXnbmb ImcWambn  tImSXn IW¡m¡p¶XmWv.  hnhml _Ôw thÀs¸Sp¯nb tijw kv{Xo ]p\À hnhmlnXbmbn«nÃmsb¦n         `mcy F¶ \nÀÆN\¯n hcp¶XmWv.

        CÉmw \nba{]Imcw Xem¡v sNmÃs¸« kv{Xo¡v C± ImeL«¯n am{Xw ap³ `À¯mhn \n¶v Poh\mwi¯n\v AÀlXbp­v.

        j_m\p _oKw tIkn kp{]otImSXnbpsS Cu D¯chv hnhmZ§Ä¡v hgn sh¨Xn\m ]mÀesaâv Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce)Act-1986 \S¸nem¡n. hnhmltamNnXbmb apkvfow kv{Xo¡v Cu \nba¯nsâ ASnØm\¯n ap³ `À¯mhn \n¶v Poh\mwiw AhImis¸Smhp¶XmWv.

\nba]cambn hnhml_Ôw \S¯nbm am{Xta `mcybv¡v `À¯mhn \n¶v Poh\mwiw AhImis¸Sm³ IgnbpIbpffq.

2.  Ip«nIÄ

{Ina\ \S]Sn \nbakwlnXbnse  hIp¸v 125 {]Imcw {]mb]qÀ¯nbmbmI¯ a¡Ä¡v ]nXmhn \n¶v sNehn\v AhImis¸Sm³ AÀlXbp­v. 

Xmsg sImSp¯ncn¡p¶ kmlNcy§fn Ip«nIÄ¡v AÑ\n \n¶v sNehn\v Bhiys¸Smw

1. 18 hbÊv XnInbmXncn¡pI
2. Ip«nbv¡v kz´w \nebv¡v Ignbm\pff kmlNcyansænÂ
3. AÑ\v tPmen sNbvXv Pohn¡m\mhiyamb kmlNcyap­mbcn¡pI
4. Aѳ Ip«nIsf Dt]£n¡pItbm AhÀ¡v sNehn\v \ÂIm³ hnʽXn¡pItbm sN¿pI
5. \nba]cambn P\n¨ Ip«nIÄ¡v am{Xaà \nb]cambÃmsX P\n¨ Ip«nIÄ¡v sNehn\v In«m³ AÀlXbp­v
6. hnhmlXncmb Ip«nIÄ¡pw sNehn\v In«m³ AÀlXbp­v
7. {]mb]qÀ¯nsb¯m¯hfpw hnhmlnXbpamb s]¬Ip«n¡v kz´w \nebv¡v sNehn\v sImSp¡m³ `À¯mhn\v Ignbp¶nÃmsb¦n AhÄ {]mb]qÀ¯nbmIp¶Xp hsc AÑ\n \n¶v  sNehn\v In«m³ AÀlXbp­v.
8. {]mb]qÀ¯nsb¯nbn«pw kz´w \nebv¡v Pohn¡m³ Ignbm¯ Xc¯nepff imcocnItam am\knItam Bb sshIeyw Dff Ip«nIÄ¡v AÑ\n \n¶v sNehn\v In«m³ AÀlXbp­v. F¶m hnhmlnXbmb s]¬Ip«n {]mb]qÀ¯nbmbm AÑ\n \n¶v sNehn\v In«m³ AÀlXbp­mbncn¡pIbnÃ. Cu kmlNcy¯n `À¯mhn\mWv D¯chmZnXzw

ta ]dbp¶ kmlNcy§Ä icnbmsW¶v tXm¶p¶ ]£w Hcp ^Ìv Ivfmkv aPnkvt{S«nt\m Asæn Hcp IpSpw_ tImSXnbvt¡m DNnXsa¶v tXm¶p¶ Hcp XpI {]Xnamkw Ip«nIÄ¡v sNehn\v \ÂIm³ D¯chnSmhp¶XmWv.   ap³ Ime§fn CXv {Ina\ \S]Sn \nbakwlnXbnse  hIp¸v 125 {]Imcw  500 cq]bmbncp¶p. F¶m 2001  C³Uy³ {Ina\ \S]Sn \nba¯n t`ZKXn hcp¯nbt¸mÄ DNnXsa¶v tXm¶p¶ XpI sNehn\v \ÂIm³ D¯chnSm³ tImSXnbv¡v A[nImcap­v.

3. amXm]nXm¡Ä

amXm]nX¡Ä¡v aI\n \n¶v sNehn\v AhImis¸Sm³ C³Uy³ {Ina\ \S]Sn \nba¯nse hIp¸v 125 {]Imcw AÀlXbp­v. 

Xmsg sImSp¯ncn¡p¶ kmlNcy§fn amXm]nX¡Ä¡v aI\n \n¶v Nnehn\v Bhiys¸Smw

1.         amXm]nX¡Ä¡v kz´w \nebv¡v Ignbm\pff kmlNcyansænÂ

2.        aI\v tPmen sNbvXv Pohn¡m\mhiyamb kmlNcyap­mbcn¡pI

3.        aI³ amXm]nXm¡sf Dt]£n¡pItbm AhÀ¡v sNehn\v \ÂIm³ hnʽXn¡pItbm sN¿pI

ta ]dbp¶ kmlNcy§Ä icnbmsW¶v tXm¶p¶ ]£w Hcp ^Ìv Ivfmkv aPnkvt{S«nt\m Asæn Hcp IpSpw_ tImSXnbvt¡m DNnXsa¶v tXm¶p¶ Hcp XpI {]Xnamkw amXm]nXm¡Ä¡v sNehn\v \ÂIm³ aIt\mSv D¯chnSmhp¶XmWv.   ap³ Ime§fn CXv {Ina\ \S]Sn \nbakwlnXbnse  hIp¸v 125 {]Imcw  500 cq]bmbncp¶p. F¶m 2001  C³Uy³ {Ina\ \S]Sn \nba¯n t`ZKXn hcp¯nbt¸mÄ DNnXsa¶v tXm¶p¶ XpI sNehn\v \ÂIm³ D¯chnSm³ tImSXnbv¡v A[nImcap­v.

amXm]nXm¡Ä F¶m hfÀ¯½bpw hfÀ¯Ñ\pw DÄs¸Sptam F¶v \nba¯n hyàam¡nbn«nÃ.

{Ina\ \S]Sn \nbakwlnXbnse  hIp¸v 125  `mcybv¡v `À¯mhn \n¶pw a¡Ä¡v AÑ\n \n¶v Nnehn\v Bhiys¸Sm³ AhImiaps­¶v ]dbp¶ps­¦nepw a¡Ä¡v A½bn \n¶v Nnehn\v Bhiys¸Sm³ AhImiaps­m F¶v \nbaw hyàam¡p¶nÃ.  amXm]nXm¡Ä¡v aI\n \n¶v am{Xaà aIfn \n¶pw sNehn\v Bhiys¸Sm³ AhImiap­v

{Ina\ \S]Sn \nbakwlnXbnse  hIp¸v 125 {]Imcw Hcmfn \n¶v Nnehn\v Bhiys¸Sm³ D¯chnSWsa¦n B hyàn¡v AXn\pff {]m]vXn D­mbncnt¡­XmWv. {]m]vXn F¶Xv kz¯v, tPmen F¶nh am{Xaà `mcysbbpw Ip«nIsfbpw amXm]nXm¡sfbpw kwc£n¡phm\pff BtcmKyhpw DÄs¸Sp¶XmWv. AXmbXv tPmen sN¿phm³ X¡ BtcmKyapff ]pcpj\v tPmentbm kzt¯m CÃm F¶ ImcW¯m D¯chmZnXz¯n \n¶v Hgnªpamdm\mhnà F¶À°w

kz´ambn Pohn¡phm³ KXnbnÃm¯hÀ hgnbm[mcamIcpsX¶ k±pt±it¯msSbpffXmWv. {Ina\ \S]Sn \nbakwlnXbnse  125þmw hIp¸v.  AXpsIm­v Nnehn\v \ÂIWsa¶v D¯chv bYmÀ°¯n AXn\v AÀlXbpffhÀ¡v am{Xta e`nbv¡pIbpffq.      tPmenbpw aXnbmb hcpam\hpapff kv{Xnv `À¯mhn \n¶v sNehv Bhiys¸«m AXv e`nbv¡pIbnÃ.

DNnXsa¶v tXm¶p¶ kmlNcy¯n Hcp ^Ìv Ivfmkv aPnkvt{S«nt\m Asæn Hcp IpSpw_ tImSXnbvt¡m DNnXsa¶v tXm¶p¶ Hcp XpI {]Xnamkw sNehn\v \ÂIm³ D¯chmImhp¶XmWv.

tIknsâ hnNmcWbpw L«¯n Hcp CS¡me XpI \ÂIm³ tImSXn D¯chnSp¶XmWv. IqSmsX tImSXn sNehn\v \ymbamb XpIbpw \ÂIm³ D¯chnSp¶XmWv. Hcp CS¡me sNehn\pff tIkv ^b sNbvXp IIgnªm FXnÀ I£nbv¡v t\m«okv \S¯nb Xo¿Xn apX 60 Znhk§Ä¡Iw tImSXn AXn XoÀ¸p I¸n¡p¶XmWv.

D¯chv \S¸m¡Â

aXnbmb ImcW§fnÃmsX Bsc¦nepw tImSXnbpsS D¯chv ]men¡msXbncp¶m aPnkt{S«v B hyàns¡Xnsc hmdâv ]pds¸Sphn¡p¶XmWv. hmdâv \S¸m¡nbn«pw AbmÄ XpI AS¨nÃmsb¦n Abmsf Hcp amkt¯t¡m XpI ASbv¡p¶Xphsctbm XShn ]mÀ¸n¡p¶XmWv.

aPnkvt{S«ntâ A[nImc ]cn[n

{Ina\ \S]Sn \nbakwlnXbnse  hIp¸v 125þ128 {]Imcw H¶mw Ivfmkv aPnkvt{S«v tImSXnbv¡v am{Xta sNehn\pff tIkv FSp¡m³ A[nImcaqffq.  tIcf¯n IpSpw_tImSXnIÄ \nehn h¶Xn\m C¯cw tIkpIÄ IpSpw_ tImSXnbnemWv ^b sN¿mdpffXv.

tIkv FhnsSbpff tImSXnbn ^b sN¿mw

FXnÀ I£n Xmakn¡p¶ PnÃbntem, `mcy Xmakn¡p¶ PnÃbntem `mcytbmsSm¯v Ahkm\w Xmakn¨ncp¶ PnÃbntem \nba]cambn P\n¡m¯ Ipªnsâ Imcy¯n B Ipªnsâ A½ Xmakn¡p¶ PnÃbntem A[nImc]cn[nbpff tImSXnbn tIkv ^b sN¿mhp¶XmWv.

Poh\mwi D¯chv d±m¡mhp¶ kmlNcy§Ä GsXÃmamWv ?

Xmsg ]dbp¶ GsX¦nepw ImcW¯ntâ  hyàamb sXfnhntâbSnØm\¯n _Ôs¸« aPnkvt{S«n\v Poh\mwi¯n\v A\pIqeambn Cd¡nb D¯chv d±m¡mhp¶XmWv

1. `mcy hy`nNmc PohXw \bn¡p¶p F¶v sXfnªmÂ
2. aXnbmb ImcWanÃmsX `À¯mhnt\mSm¯v Pohn¡m³ X¿mdmIm¯ kmlNcy¯nÂ
3. ]ckv]c k½Xt¯msS thdn«p Xmakn¡p¶sh¦nÂ
4. `mcy ]p\À hnhmlnXmbn F¶v s Xfnbn¡s¸«mÂ
5. `mcy `À¯mhn \n¶v Iogv hg¡{]ImcapfftXm hyàn \nba¯n\v hnt[bambn«pfftXm Bb
6. .`mcy `À¯mhn \n¶v hnhmltamN\w t\SpIbpw Poh\mwiw kzta[bm Dt]£n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶ kmlNcy¯nÂ

sImssákn_nÄ Ipähpw t\m¬ sImssákn_nÄ Ipähpw X½nepff hyXymksa´v

sImssákn_nÄ	t\m¬ sImssákn_nÄ
KpcpXcamb IpäamWv	A{X KpcpXcaÃm¯ IpäIrXyw
t]meokv Hm^okÀ¡v hmdânÃmsX AdÌv sN¿mw	hmdâv Ds­¦n am{Xta AdÌv sN¿m\mhq
At\zjWw \S¯p¶Xn\v t]meokv Hm^okÀ¡v aPnkvt{S«nsâ A\phmZw BhiyanÃ.	At\zjWw \S¯p¶Xn\v t]meokv Hm^okÀ¡v aPnkvt{S«nsâ A\phmZw BhiyamWv
]cmXn BhiyamWv	]cmXn BhiyanÃ.

UnkvNmÀÖpw Ipähnapàam¡epw X½nepff hyXymksa´v

Discharge	Acqittal
UnkvNmÀÖv sNbvXpsIm­pff D¯chv Hcp hn[nbà (Judgment)	Acqittal sNbvXpsIm­pff D¯chv Hcp hn[nbmWv (Judgment)
UnkvNmÀÖv A´na XoÀ¸Ã.	Acqittal A´na XoÀ¸mWv
{]mYanI C³Izbdn¡ptijtam, {]Xnsb aPnkvt{S«n\v ap³]msI lmPcm¡n hnNmcWkabt¯m UnkvNmÀÖv sNbvXpsIm­pff D¯chv D­mImhp¶XmWv	hnNmcWbv¡ptijta Acqittal D­mhpIbpffq
UnkvNmÀÖv sN¿s¸« HcmÄs¡Xnsc ]pXpXmbn Fs´¦nepw sXfnhpIÄ e`n¨m AtX Ipä¯n\v ho­pw tIkv NmÀÖv sN¿mhp¶XmWv	Acqittal sN¿s¸« HcmÄs¡Xnsc AtX Ipä¯n\v ho­pw tIkv NmÀÖv sN¿m³ ]mSnÃ
]cmXn Xffs¸«m Ipämtcm]nXs\ UnkvNmÀÖv sNbvXXmbn IW¡m¡p¶p.	]cmXnXffp¶tXm Ipämtcm]nXs\ UnkvNmÀPv sN¿p¶tXm Ipähnapàam¡p¶Xmbn (Acqittal) IW¡m¡nÃ.

A¸oepw d^d³kpw X½nepff hyXymksa´v

Appeal	Reference
Cr.P.C. bnse sk£\nse 372 apX 394  hsc A¸oens\¡pdn¨v {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p	Cr.P.C. bnse 395, 396 F¶o sk£\n d^d³kns\¡pdn¨v {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p
A¸o\pff AhImiw {]Xbvs¡¶Xpt]mse tÌän\pap­v	d^d³kn\pff AhImiw tImSXbn \n£n]vXamWv
^Ìv Ivfmkv PpUojy aPnkvt{S«v tImSXnbpsS hn[ns¡Xnscbpff A¸o skj³ tImSXnbnepw,  skj³ tImSXnbpsS hn[ns¡Xnscbpff A¸o sslt¡mSXnbnepw sslt¡mSXnbpsS hn[ns¡Xnscbpff A¸o kp{]ow tImSXnbnepw  kaÀ¸n¡mw	d^d³kv sslt¡mSXnbn am{Xta kaÀ¸n¡m\mhpIbpffq
A¸oen\pff ImcW§Ä d^d³kns\ At]£n¨v IqSpXemWv	d^d³kn\pff ImcW§Ä A¸oens\ At]£n¨v Ipdhmbncn¡pw
hn[n¡ptijtam A¸oen\pff A\phmZw e`n¨Xn\p tijtam am{Xta A¸o kaÀ¸n¡m\mhpIbpffq	tIkv \nehnepfft¸mÄ Xs¶ d^d³kv kaÀ¸n¡mhp¶XmWv
A¸oen³taepff hn[n IogvtImSXntbmSv \nÀt±in¡¶ coXnbnepffXpw AXv BÚmcq]¯nepffXpambncn¡pw	d^d³kn³taepff Xocpam\w IogvtImSXnbv¡pff D]tZicq]¯nepffXmbncn¡pw
A¸o tNmZyw sN¿s¸Sp¶ Imcy§Ä  \nbaw kw_Ôn¨pfftXm hkvXpX kw_Ô¨pfftXm BImhp¶XmWv	d^d³kn \nbaw kw_Ôn¨pffXp am{Xambncn¡p¶XmWv.
I£nbv¡v A¸oen\pff AhImiap­v	Iogvt¡mSXnbv¡v am{Xta d^d³kv kaÀ¸n¡m\pff AhImiapffq
tÌän\v IpähmfnbpsS hnSpXens\Xnsctbm in£ IpdªXns\Xns\Xnsctbm Bhiysa¦n A¸o \ÂIm\mhp¶XmWv	tÌän\ d^d³kv kaÀ¸n¡phm\pff AhImianÃ
A¸oensâ Dt±iyw IogtImSXn \nbaclnXamtbm {IaclnXamtbm,

ka³kv tIkpw hmdâv tIkpw X½nepff hyXymksa´v

ka³kv  tIkv	hmd³dv  tIkv
Cr.P.C. bnse sk£³ 2 (W) Â ka³kv  tIkns\¡pdn¨v {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p.	Cr.P.C. bnse sk£³ 2 (X) Â hmd³dv  v  tIkns\¡pdn¨v {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p.
ka³kv  tIkv XmcXtay\ Kuchw Ipdª tIkmWv	hmd³ tIkv Kuchw IpSnb tIkmWv
Cr.P.C. bnse A²ymbw 20 Â sk£³ 251 apXÂ 259 hsc ka³kv tIkpIsf¡pdn¨v {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p.	Cr.P.C. bnse A²ymbw 19 Â sk£³ 238 apXÂ 250 hsc hmdâv tIkpIsf¡pdn¨v {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p.
eLphmb in£bmWpffXv	I\¯ in£bmWpffXv
aPnkvt{S«mWv ka³kv  tIkv hnNmcW sN¿p¶Xv	hmdâv  tIkpIÄ IqSpXÂ KpcpXcambh XmcXtay\ Ipdª KpXcambn«pffh F¶n§s\ XcwXncn¨v hnNmcW sN¿p¶p IqSpXÂ KpcpXcamb tIkpIÄ skj³kv tImSXnbpw  A{XXs¶ KpXcaÃm¯h aPnkvt{S«v tImSXnbpw hnNmcWsN¿p¶p.
aPnkvt{S«n\v t\cn«v tIkv sImssá³kv sN¿mhp¶XmWv	skj³kv tImSXnbn hnNmcW sN¿t¸tS­ tIkmsW¦n t]mepw skj³kv tImSXnbv¡v t\cn«v \S]Sn kzoIcn¡m\mhnÃ.  A[nImcapff Hcp aPnkvt{S«v BZyw tIkv GsäSp¯Xn\ptijw skj³kv tImSXnbntebv¡v I½näv sN¿p¶p.
aPnkvt{S«n\v Nnet¸mÄ {]XnbpsS A`mh¯nepw  Ipäw hn[n¡mhp¶XmWv (sk£³ 253)	{]XnbpsS km¶n²y¯n am{Xta tIkv hnNmcW sN¿m³ ]mSpffq
in£ km[mcWbmbn ]ngtbm Ipdª Imet¯¡pff XSthm BImhp¶XmWv	in£ Poh]cy´w XSthm ]ngtbm c­pw IqSntbm e`nbv¡mhp¶XpamWv
ka³kv  tIkv hmdâv tIkmbn amäm³ Ignbpw	hmdâv tIkv ka³kv  tIkmbn amäm³ IgnbnÃ
ka³kv  tIkv hmdâv tIkmbn amäpt¼mÄ tIkv BZyw apX ]p\À hnNmcW \S¯Ww (De novo trials)	ka³kv tIkv hmdâv tIkmbn amäs¸Spt¼mÄ  Hcp hmdâv tIkv ]pXpXmbn Bcw`n¡p¶ Xc¯nepff \S]Sn{Ia§Ä ]menbv¡Ww
ka³kv  tIkn\v {]mcw`w Ipdn¡p¶Xv  km[mcWbmbn kzImcy hànIfmWv. hfsc A]qÀÆambnt« t]meokn\m {]mcw`w Ipdn¡s¸Smdpffq	hmd³dv tIkn\v km[mcWbmbn {]mcw`w Ipdn¡p¶Xv  t]meokmWv
ka³kv  tIkn\v Ipä]{Xw X¿mdm¡nbncn¡Wsa¶v \nÀ_ÔanÃ	hmdâv tIkn\v Ipä]{Xw X¿mdm¡nbncn¡Wsa¶v \nÀ_ÔamWv
{]Xn¡v tImSXnbn t\cn«v lmPcmImsX Xs¶ Ipä k½Xw \S¯mw	hmdâv tIkn CXp km[yaÃ
km£nsb Hcp XhW am{Xta tImSXnbv¡v ap¼msI lmPcmt¡­Xpffq. {]Xnbv¡v t{Imkv hnkvXmcw sN¿m³ Hcp Ahkcw am{Xta e`nbv¡pIbpffq.	hmdâv tIkn (t]meokv dnt¸mÀ«n³ ta AÃmsXbpff tIknÂ)  t{Imkv hnkvXmcw sN¿m³ {]Xnbv¡v c­v Ahkcw am{Xta e`nbv¡p¶pffq.. BZyw NmÀPn\v ap¼pw ]n¶nSv NmÀÖv sNbvXXn\v tijhpw

A¸oepw dnhyhpw X½nepff hyXymksa´v

Appeal	Review
Cr.P.C. bnse 395, 396 F¶o sk£\n d^d³kns\¡pdn¨v {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p	Cr.P.C. bnse sk£³ 362  dnhyqs\¡pdn¨v {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p
taÂtImSXnbv¡v IogvtImSXnbpsS ta dnhy \S¯m³  A[nImcap­v	Hcn¡Â hn[n {]Jym]n¨p Ignªm {Inan\ tImSXnbv¡v hn[nbn³ ta dnhyq \S¯³ A[nImcanÃ.
taÂtImSXnbv¡v IogvtImSXnbpsS  hn[nbpsSta amäwhcp¯Â, d±m¡Â, XffÂ, hnSpX sN¿Â,  in£ hÀ²n¸n¡Â F¶o A[nImc§fp­	dnhyq \S¯n Ivsfdn¡entem IW¡qIq«entem  hcp¶ sXäpIÄ Xncp¯m³ am{Xta A[nImcaqffq

d^d³kpw dnhnj\pw X½nepff hyXymksa´v

Reference	Revision
Cr.P.C. bnse sk£³ 372 apX 394  hsc A¸oens\¡pdn¨v {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p	Cr.P.C. bnse   sk£³ 397 apX 401 hscbpff sk£\pIfn d^d³kn s\¡pdn¨v {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p
tIkv \nehnepfft¸mÄ am{Xta d^d³kv kaÀ¸n¡m\hpIbqffq	hn[n {]Jym]n¨Xn\p tijw am{Xta dnhnj\v At]£n¡m\mhpIbqffq
d^d³kn\pff AhImiw ssltImSXbn am{Xw \n£n]vXamWv	dnhyq\pff A[nImcw ssltImSXnbv¡pw skj³ tImSXnbv¡pap­v
ssltImSXbn d^d³kn\pff At]£ kaÀ¸n¡m\pff A[nImcw IogvtImSXnbv¡v am{Xtabpff. I£nIÄ¡v AhImianÃ	I£nIÄ¡v AhImiap­v
\nbaw kw_Ôn¨ Fs´¦nepw tNmZyw D­mIpt¼mÄ am{Xta d^d³kv kaÀ¸n¡m\mhq	dnhnj³ sN¿s¸Sp¶ Imcy§Ä  \nbaw kw_Ôn¨pfftXm hkvXpX kw_Ô¨pfftXm BImhp¶XmWv
Iogv tImSXn taÂtImSXnbn \n¶v D]tZi tXSp¶ kz`mh¯nepffXmbncn¡pw	sslt¡mSXntbm skj³kv tImSXntbm AXnsâ IogvtImSXnIfntebv¡v \nÀt±iw \ÂIp¶ Xc¯nembncn¡pw

C³shÌntKj³þ F³Izbdn C³IzÌvþ Ch X½nepff hyXymk§Ä

\S]n{Iaw	\S¯m³ A[nImcs¸«hÀ	Dt±iyhpw coXnbpw	{]XnÚ
C³shÌntKj³	t]meokv DtZymKØt\m aPnkvt{S«Ãm¯ atäsX¦nepw A[nImcnItfm	HcmÄ IpähmfnbmtWm \nc]cm[nbmtWm F¶v v \nba]cambn sXfnbn¡p¶Xn\pff sXfnhv tiJcn¡p¶Xn\v	tNmZyw sN¿s¸SpItbm, ]cntim[n¡s¸SpItbm sN¿p¶ hyàn {]XnÚ FSpt¡­XnÃ.
C³IzÌv	F) sk£³ 174 {]Imcw t]meokn\m \S¯s¸Sp¶Xv _n) sk£³ 176 {]Imcw aPnkvt{S«n\m \S¯s¸Sp¶Xv	F) BßlXy, Akzm `mhnI acWw, IpäIrXy ¯n\v hnt[bambn kw` hn¡p¶ acWw F¶o kml Ncy§fn acW ImcWw XoÀ¨s¸Sp ¯p¶Xn\v \hh[phnsâ BßlXy, \hh[p XosImfp¯n acnbv¡pI F¶o kmlNcy§fn kwibmkv]Zamb kmlNcy§Ä D­mIpt¼mÄ scWImcWw Is­¯p¶Xn\v t]mÌvtamÀ«w ]cntim[\ \S¯n¡phm³ t]meoknt\mSv Bhiys¸Sp¶XmWv _n) t]meokv IÌUnbn HcmÄ acn¡m\nSbmbmtem, \hh[phnsâ BßlXy sN¿pItbm, \hh[p XosImfp¯n acnbv¡pI tbm sN¿pt¼mtg aPnkvt{S«v C³IzÌv \S¯nbncn¡Wsa¶pffXv \nÀ_ÔamWv.  C¯cw tIkpIfn C³Izbdn \S¯Wtam F¶pffXv aPnkvt{S«nsâ hnthN\m[nImc¯nÂs¸Sp¶p.	F) C³IzÌv \S¯p¶bhkc¯n hnfn¡p¶ BtcmSpw {]XnÚ FSp¡m³ t]meokn\v Bhiys¸Sm\mhnÃ. ]cntim[n¡s¸Sp¶ hyànsb thWsa¦n aPnkvt{S«n\v  {]XnÚ FSp¸n¡mw
F³Izbdn	aPnkvt{St«m tImSXntbm		tNmZyw sN¿s¸SpItbm, ]cntim[n¡s¸SpItbm sN¿p¶ hyànsb {]XnÚ FSp¸n¡p¶p.

Short Notes

FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«v (Excecutive Magistrate) ( sk£³ 20 (1) )

       kam[m\ ewL\w D­mIphm\nSbps­¶pff Adnhp e`n¨pIgnªm AXv XSbm\mbn kXzc \S]SnIÄ kzoIcnt¡­Xp­v. A¯cw kµÀ`§fn \nbam\pkcWw sXfnhpIsfSp¯v \oXn]qÀÆIamb Hcp \nKa\¯nse¯n \S]SnIÄ kzoIcn¡pI F¶pffXv {]mtbmKnIaÃ.  s]mXpP\§Ä¡v D]{Zhap­mIp¶ {]hÀ¯nIÄ F{Xbpw s]s«¶v XStb­Xp­v.  Cu \S]SnIÄ¡v Excecutive Function F¶p ]dbp¶p.  C¯cw \S]SnIÄ kznIcn¡p¶Xn\v NpaXebpff aPnkvt{S«m FIvknIyq«ohv aPntÌ«v

        ap³Ime§fn FIvknIyq«ohv A[nImchpw PpUojy A[nImchpw Hcmfn Xs¶ \n£n]vXambncp¶p. 1955  CXv hn`Pn¨p. 1973  {Inan\ t{]mkoUyÀ tImUv t`ZKXn sNbvXt¸mÄ Cu hn`P\w ]qÀ¯nbmbn. 

ap³IqÀ Pmayw (Anticipatory Bail)  ( sk£³ 438)

Pmayw e`nbv¡m¯ Hcp IpäIrXyw Xsâ ta Npa¯n Xs¶ AdÌv sNbvtX¡m\nSbps­¶v Bsc¦nepw IcpXp¶ ]£w skj³kv tImSXnbntem sslt¡mSXnbntem ap³IqÀ Pmay¯n\mbn At]£ kaÀ¸n¡pIbpw tImSXn hnhthN\m[nImcw D]tbmKn¨v ]pds¸Sphn¡p¶ D¯chn\mWv ap³IqÀ Pmayw F¶p ]dbp¶X v Hcp hyàn AdÌnemIp¶Xn\p ap¼v Xs¶ Abmsf Pmay¯n hnSm³ ]pds¸Sphn¡p¶ D¯chmWnXv

A¸o  (Appeal) ( sk£³ )

IogvtImSXnbpsS hn[n icnbmtWm F¶v ]cntim[n¡m³ Iogv tImSXnbn \n¶v tIkv taÂtImSXnbntebv¡v amäp¶Xn\pff Hcp ]mÀ«nbpsS AhImi¯n\mWv A¸o F¶p ]dbp¶Xv.

Ipä]{Xw (Charge) ( sk£³ )

Hcp hyànbpsS ta Ipäw Npa¯p¶Xn\mWv NmÀÖv F¶p ]dbp¶Xv  Ipäw sNbvX hyànbpsS t]À¡v HutZymKnIambn tcJmaqew Ipäw Npa¯p¶ {]{InbbmWnXv

Bailable offence (Pmayw e`nbv¡mhp¶ IpäIrXyw)

{Inan\ \S]Sn \nbakwlnXbnse H¶mw sjUyqfn sImSp¯n«pff IpäIrXy§fmWnXv. Cu IpäIrXy§Ä sNbvXhÀ¡v t]meokv Hm^okÀt¡m aPnkvt{S«nt\m Pmayw \ÂImhp¶XmWv.

Distress warrant

hkvXp P]vXn sNbvXv ]Ww hkq sN¿p¶Xn\v tImSXn ]pds¸Sphn¡p¶ D¯chv

tIkv sXfnbn¡m\pff _m[yX

Capital Punishment

Hcp Ipähmfn¡v h[ in£ \ÂIpIbmsW¦n AXn\v Im¸nä ]Wnjvsaâv F¶p ]dbp¶p. kp{]ow tImSXn, sslt¡mSXn skj³kv tImSXn F¶nhbv¡v Im¸nä ]Wnjvsaâv  hn[n¡m³ A[nImcap­v. F¶m skj³kv tImSXn Im¸nä ]Wnjvsaâv hn[n¡pt¼mÄ AXv \S¸m¡p¶Xn\v ap³]mbn sslt¡mSXnbpsS AwKoImcw hmt§­Xp­v.  .

Cognizance of offence

Ipähmfns¡Xnsc ta \S]Sn kzoIcn¡phm³ aPnkvt{S«v Xocpam\n¡p¶ \S]Sn

Charge NmÀÖv joäv

tIkt\zjW DtZymKس tImSXnbn kaÀ¸n¡p¶ A´na dnt¸mÀ«v

sImssákn_nÄ IpäIrXyw

{Inan\ \S]Sn \nba kwlnXbnse H¶mw sjUyqfntem Asæn \nba{]m_eyapff aäp \nb§fntem Dff IpäIrXyw sN¿p¶hcpw t]meokn\v hmdânÃmsX Xs¶ AdÌv sN¿mhp¶XpambXmWv sImKvss#s\kn_nf

hnNmcW (Trial )

HcmÄ IpähmfnbmtWm \nc]cm[nbmtWm F¶v kwibn¡p¶ kmlNcy¯n AXv \nba]cambn sXfnbn¡p¶Xn¶Xn\mbn aPnkvt{S«v \S¯p¶ PpUojy \S]Sn{Ia¯n\mWv {Sb F¶p ]dbp¶X.v

FkvtXm¸Â ( Estoppel )

Hcp Imcyw t\cs¯ k½Xn¡pIbpw F¶m ]n¶oSv AXn\v hncp²amb Imcy§Ä D¶bn¡p¶Xn\pw \nba]camb XSʧfp­v. CXn\mWv FkvtXm¸Â F¶p ]dbp¶Xv.

.{Inan\Â tImSXnIÄ

C³Uybn \mep hn`mKw  {Inan\ tImSXnIÄ D­v. Ah ;

1.  skj³ tImSXn

2.  H¶mw Ivfmkv aPnkvt{S«v tImSXn ( sat{Sms]mfojy³ \Kc§fn sat{Sms]mfojy³   

    aPnkvt{S«v tImSXn)

3. c­mw Ivfmkv aPnkvt{S«v tImSXn

4. FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«v  (sk£³ 8)

skj³ tImSXn  (sk£³ 9)

        Hcp PnÃtbtbm H¶ne[nIw PnÃIfpsS hnhn[ `mK§fS§nb {]tZi§sfm Hcp skj³ tImSXnbpsS A[nImc]cn[nbn hcp¶p.  skj³ PUvPnsb sslt¡mSXnbpsS ip]mÀi {]ImcamWv \nban¡p¶Xv.  knhn tIkv \S¯pt¼mÄ skj³ PUvPn PnÃm PUvPn F¶ t]cn Adnbs¸Sp¶p.  AXpsIm­v skj³ PUvPnsb Unkv{SnIvSv Bâv skj³ PUvPv F¶p ]dbp¶p.

sat{Sms]mfojy³ Gcnb

 ]¯pe£¯n IqSpX P\kwJybpff GsX¦nepw \Kcs¯ sat{Sms]mfojy³  \Kcambn kÀ¡mcn\v t\m«n^nt¡j\neqsS  {]Jym]n¡mhp¶XmWv.

k½dn hnkvXmcw

hniZamb \S]Sn{Ia§fnÃmsX tIkv s]s«¶v XoÀ¸m¡pI F¶ {]tXyI e£yt¯msSbpff hnkvXmcamWv k½dn hnkvXmcw.  No^v PpUojy aPnkvt{S«v, sat{Sms]mfnä³ aPnkvt{S«v, sslt¡mSXn {]tXyIambn A[nImcs¸Sp¯nbn«pff H¶mw Ivfmkv aPnkvt{S«v F¶nhÀ¡v k½dn hnkvXmcw \S¯mw.  c­p sImïne[nIw XShp in£ \ÂIs¸Smhp¶ tIkpIÄ kaadnbmbn hnkvXcn¡m³ ]mSnÃ.

ka³kv

Hcp hyàntbmSv Hcp \nÝnX Znhkw \nÝnX kab¯v tImSXnbn lmPcmIWsa¶v I¸n¨psIm­v tImSXn ]pds¸Sphn¡p¶ I¸\bmWv ka³kv

AdÌv

AdÌv F¶ hm¡v {^©v `mjbn \n¶mWv h¶n«pffXv. XSbpI F¶mWv CXn\À°w.  Hcp hyàn¡v Xsâ CjvSm\pkcWw Nen¡p¶Xn\pff kzmX\v1Xyw CÃmXm¡pIbmWv AdÌv F¶ {]hÀ¯nbneqsS sN¿s¸Sp¶Xv.

        kmlNcy§Ä¡p\pkrXambn Hcp t]meokv DtZymKØt\m, aPnkvt{SSnt\m Hcp kzmIcy hyànt¡m AdÌv sN¿mhp¶XmWv. hmdtâmSpIqSbpw hmdânÃmsXbpw AdÌv sN¿m\pff kmlNcy§fp­v.

t]meokv Ubdn sk£³ 172

{Inan\ tIknsâ ssZ\wZn\ C³shÌntKj³ kw_Ôn¨ Imcy§Ä tcJs¸Sp¯p¶Xn\v FÃm t]meokv tÌj\nepw Hcp tIkv Ubdn kq£n¡p¶p­v. CXn\mWv t]meokv Ubdn F¶p ]dbp¶Xv. t]meokv tÌjsâ NmÀÖpff Hm^okdpsS Uyq«nbmsW¶v  AXv \nÝnX {]t^mÀabnembncn¡Ww. hnhcw F¶mWv In«nbXv, AdÌv sNbvXsX¶v, t]meokv Hm^okÀ kµÀin¨ Øe§Ä, C³shÌntKj³ Ahkm\n¸n¨ Xo¿Xn, C³shÌntKj³ kba¯v t]meokv hnkvXcn¨ km£nIfpsS t]cv hnemkw XpS§nb C³shÌntKjsâ hnhn[ L«§fnep­mbn«pff  Imcy§Ä Cu Ubdnbn D­mbncn¡Ww. Cu Ubdn hcp¯n ]cntim[n¡m\pff A[nImcw aPnkvt{S«n\p­v. t]meokv C³shÌntKj³ \S¯nbXv F{]Imcambncp¶psh¶v tImSXnbv¡v ]cntim[n¨v a\Ênem¡p¶Xn\pth­nbmWv C¯c¯nepff Ubdn ]cn]men¡p¶Xv. Cu Ubdn sXfnhmbn FSp¡mdnÃ. At\zjW DtZymKس tImSXnbn km£n ]dbp¶ Ahkc¯n Xsâ HmÀ½ ]pXp¡p¶Xn\v Cu Ubdn D]tbmK{]ZamIp¶XmWv.

P\d Ubdn

kwØm\ kÀ¡mÀ \nÀtZin¡p¶ {]t^mÀa {]Imcapff  Hcp ]pkvXIw FÃm t]meokv tÌj\nepw kq£n¨ncnt¡­XmWv. Cu ]pkvXI¯n\v P\d Ubdn F¶p ]dbp¶p. Hcp IpäIrXys¯¡pdn¨v t]meokn\v e`nbv¡p¶ FÃm hnhc§fpw tÌjsâ NmÀÖpff Hm^okÀ Cu ]pkvXI¯n tcJs¸Spt¯­XmWv. tImSXnbv¡v hnNmcWbv¡v BhiyamsW¶v tXm¶p¶ ]£w Cu Ubdn lmPcm¡phm³ t]meoknt\mSv \nÀtZin¡mhp¶XmWv. DbÀ¶ t]meokv DtZymKØÀ X§fpsS \nb{´W¯nepff t]meokv tÌj\n kq£n¨n«pff P\d Ubdn icnbmb hn[¯n ]cn]men¨phcp¶pt­m F¶v ]cntim[nt¡­XmWv.

C³IzÌv   Inquest (sk£³ 174 Dw 176 )

    Hcp aPnkvt{S« ct­m AXn IqSpXtem am\y³amcmb km£nIfpsS  km¶n²y¯n arXtZlw ]cntim[n¡p¶Xn\mWv C³IzÌv F¶p ]dbp¶Xv.  Cu dnt¸mÀ«n acWImcWhpw, apdnhnsâ hnhc§fpw, FÃn\v D­mbn«pff £X§fpw, icoc¯n ImWs¸« aäp ]cp¡pIsf¡pdn¨pw tcJs¸Sp¯nbncn¡pw.  acn¨bmfpsS icoc¯n C¯cw ASbmf§Ä D­mhp¶Xn\v ImcWambn«pffXv FXp D]IcWsIm­v GXp Xc¯nepff {]tbmKamWv \S¯nbncn¡p¶sX¶pw aäpw dnt¸mÀ«nep­mbncn¡pw.

C³shÌntKj³ (Investigation)

Hcp t]meokv Hm^oktdm aPnkvt{S«Ãm¯ atäsX¦nepw A[nImcntbm \S¯p¶ At\zjW¯n\mWv C³shÌntKj³ F¶v ]dbp¶Xv. C³shÌntKj\pw C³Izbdnbpw Htc Imcy¯nsâ AÀ°ambn IW¡m¡s¸Smdps­¦nepw {Inan\ \S]Sn \nba¯n Cu c­v hm¡pIÄ¡pw hyXyØamb AÀ°amWv \ÂInbn«pffXv. sXfnhn\v Bhiyamb FÃm hn[Imcy§fpw tiJcn¡p¶Xv C³shÌntKjsâ `mKamWv. Hcp {Sbensâ `mKambÃmsX Hcp  aPnkvt{St«m Hcp tImSXntbm \S¯p¶ At\zjWamWnXv

Pmayw

tImSXn Bhiys¸Sp¶ kab¯pw Øe¯pw tImSXn Bhiys¸St¼mÄ tImSXnbv¡v ap¶n lmPcmbns¡mffmsa¶ hyhØbn Hcmsf \nba]camb IÌUbn \n¶v hnSpX sN¿p¶Xn\mWv Pmayw F¶p ]dbp¶Xv.

s]än tIkpIÄ (Petty Offences) sk£³ 206 (2)

1000 cq] hsc am{Xw ]ng hn[n¡mhp¶ GXp Ipä§fpw eLphmb Ipä§Ä F¶ hn`mK¯nÂs¸Sp¶p. eLphmb Ipä§fpsS Imcy¯n aPnkvt{S«n\v sk£³ 216 \v hnt[bambn k½dn hnNmcWbneqsS tIkv XoÀ¸m¡mhp¶XmWv.  C¯cw tIkpIfn I£n t\cnt«m  Asæn I£n¡pth­n Hcp h¡otem \nÝnX XobXn¡v tImSXn ap¼msI lmPcmIWsa¶v Adnbn¨p sIm­v aPnkvt{S«v Hcp ka³kv  I£n¡v Abbv¡p¶p. Ipäw k½Xnbv¡p¶ ]£w B hnhcw FgpXnbdnbn¡p¶tXmsSm¸w ka³kn ]dªn«pff ]ng kwJybpw tImSXnbn lmPcm¡phm³ aPnkvt{S«v \nÀt±iw \ÂIp¶p. I£n tImSXnbn lmPcmIphm³ Dt±in¡p¶nÃmsb¦n Cu Ipäk½X ]{Xhpw ]ng kwJybpw h¡o aptJ\ I£n¡v tImSXnbn lmPcm¡mhp¶XmWv. sk£³ 206 (1)

Unt\mthm {SbÂ

GsX¦nepw Hcp tIkn {]Xntb in£n¡pItbm shdpsX hnSpItbm sNbvXn«pffXns\Xnsc _Ôs¸« I£nIÄ A¸o kaÀ¸n¡pt¼mÄ tIkv hnNmcW \S¯nb AtX tImSXntbmSv Xs¶ {]kvXpX tIkn Hcp ]p\À hnNmcW \S¯m³ A¸eäv tImSXn D¯chnSp¶Xns\bmWv Unt\mthm {Sb F¶p ]dbp¶Xv.

{]Xnsb shdpsX hn«n«pffXns\Xnsc _Ôs¸« I£nIÄ A¸o kaÀ¸n¡pt¼mÄ A¸o tImSXn sk£³ 386 (F) {]Imchpw  {]Xnsb in£n¨Xns\Xnsc _Ôs¸« I£nIÄ A¸o kaÀ¸n¡pt¼mÄ A¸o tImSXn sk£³ 386 (_n) {]ImchpamWv ]p\À hnNmcWbv¡pff \nÀt±iw \ÂIp¶Xv.

_meIpähmfnIÄ (Juvenile offender  )

_meIpähmfnIfpsS hnNmcWbv¡v {]tXyI A[nImc{]ImcamWv _me IpähmfnIsf hnNmcWsNt¿­sX¶v {Inan\ \S]Sn \nba kwlnXbn sImSp¯n«p­v. IpäIrXy¯n GÀs¸Sp¶ kab¯v  16 hbÊn Xmsb {]mbap­mbncp¶hscbmWv _me IpähmfnIfmbn IW¡m¡p¶Xv.  h[in£ Poh]cy´w XShv F¶nht]mepff in£IÄ ChÀ¡v \ÂIm³ ]mSnÃ. ChcpsS tIkv hnNmcW sN¿m³ A[nImcapffXv No^v PpUojy aPnkvt{S«v tImSXnbvt¡m Asæn Cu IpähmfnIfpsS ]p\c[nhmk¯n\pw ]cnioe\¯n\pw NnInÕbv¡pambn 1960 se _me \nba{]Imctam Asæn aäp \nba§fmtem \nÀ½nXamb {]tXyI tImSXnbvt¡m Bbncn¡pw.

hmd­v tIkv (Warrant Case  S. 2 x )

h[in£tbm Poh]cy´w XSthm 2 hÀj¯n IqSpX in£tbm e`nbv¡mhp¶ IpäIrXy§fpambn _Ôs¸«n«pff tIkmWv hmd­v tIkv F¶p ]dbp¶Xv.  FÃm tIkpIsfbpw hmd­v tIkv F¶pw ka³kv tIkv S. 2 W F¶pw {Inan\ \S]Sn kwlnXbn c­mbn Xncn¨n«p­v.  tIkpIfpsS Kucha\pkcn¨mWv C§s\ XcwXncn¨n«pffXv. hmd­v tIkv Kuch kz`mhapff tIkpIfpw ka³kv tIkv XmcXtay\ Kuchw Ipdª tIkpIfpWpamWv.

kp{]ow tImSXn

C³Uybnse ]ctam¶X \oXn]oTamWv kp{]owtImSXn. Hcp No^v PÌnkpw 25 PUvPnamcpw AS§p¶XmW kp{]owtImSXn.  `cWLS\m XXz§Ä, auenImhImi§Ä, P\m[n]Xyaqey§Ä F¶nhbpsS ImhÂamemJbmbn kp{]owtImSXn.  {]hÀ¯nhcp¶p.  auenImhImi§fpsS kwc£WamWv kp{]owtImSXnbpsS Gähpw {][m\s¸« IÀ¯hyw. kp{]ow tImSXn  {]Jym]n¡p¶ \nbaw C³Uybnse FÃm tImSXnIsfbpw _m[n¡p¶Xmbncn¡psa¶v A\ptÑZw 141  ]dbp¶p.

sslt¡mSXn

       `cWLS\bpsS 214 mw A\ptÑZa\pkcn¨v  Øm]nXambn«pff sslt¡mSXn Xv.  Hcp No^vPÌnkpw ImemIme§fn \nban¡p¶nSt¯mfw PUvPnamcpw sslt¡mSXnbnep­mbncn¡pw.  Hcp sslt¡mSXn hn[nbnse \nba§Ä B sslt¡mSXnbpsS A[nImcmXnÀ¯nbnepff {]tZi§fnse tImSXnIÄ \nÀ_Ôambpw A\pkcn¡Ww.  dn«pIÄ ]pds¸Sphn¡m\pff A[nImcw  sslt¡mSXnbv¡pap­v.  `cWLS\ 215 mw A\ptÑZa\pkcn¨v sslt¡mSXn tImÀ«v Hm^v sd¡mÀUv BWv.  AXmbXv B tImSXnbnse tcJIÄ aäp \S]Sn{Ia§Ä IqSmsXXs¶ sXfnhn kznImcyamWv.  IqSmsX sslt¡mSXnbpsS A[nImcs¯ Ahtlfn¡p¶ tImÀ«e£yt¡kpIÄ B tImSXnbv¡v Xs¶ hnNmcW sNbvXv in£n¡mhp¶XpamWv. tImSXnbpsS `cW]camb Imcy§Ä \nb{´n¡p¶Xn\pff N«§Ä D­m¡p¶Xv sslt¡mSXnbmWv.

skj³ tISXn

skj³ tImSXnbn t{]mknIyqj³ `mKt¯¡v tIkv \S¯p¶Xv kÀ¡mÀ \nban¡p¶ ]_vfnIv t{]mknIyq«dmWv.  {]Xn skj³kv tImSXnbn lmPcmbn¡gnªv ]_vfnIv t{]mknIyq«À {]mknIyqj³ `mK¯p \n¶papff Ipämtcm]W§pfSP hnhcWhpw sXfnhpIfsS kz`mhpw tImSXnsb [cn¸n¡p¶ tdm]knIyqjtâbpw {]Xn`mK¯ntâbpw hmZ§Ä tI« tijw

aPnkvt{S«v

{Inan\ \S]Sn \nba¯n  sk£\n aPnkvt{S«pamsc Ipdn¨v ]dbp¶p.  c­v Xc¯nepff aPnt{Ì«pamcp­v. PpUojy aPnkvt{S«pamcpw FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«pamcpw.   {Inan\ tIkpIÄ tIÄ¡p¶ \ymbm[n]³amcmWnhÀ.  tIkv hnNmcW sNbvXv, sXfnshSp¯v, Ipämtcm]W¯n\v hnt[b\mb BÄ IpähmfnbmtWm F¶p Xocpam\n¡p¶Xv PpUojy aPnkvt{S«pamcmWv. 

        s]mXpP\§Ä¡v hn\miIcamb {]hÀ¯nIÄ XSbpI, IpäIrXy§Ä, kam[m\ ewL\w, F¶nh XSbpIbpw kwc£W \S]SnIÄ kzoIcn¡pIbpw sN¿m³ NpaXes¸« aPnkvt{S«pamsc FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«v F¶pw ]dbp¶p.  IeIvSÀ, BÀ.Un.H. sU]yq«n IeIvSÀ apXembhÀ FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«pamcmWv.

aPnkvt{S«v

{Inan\ tIkpIÄ tIÄ¡p¶ \ymbm[n]³amsc aPnkvt{S«v F¶p ]dbp¶p.   tIkv hnNmcW sNbvXv sXfnshSp¯v Ipämtcm]W¯n\v hnt[b\mb BÄ IpähmfnbmtWm AÃtbm F¶v Xocpam\n¡p¶Xn\pff A[nImcw PpUojy aPnkvt{S«n\p­v. 

PnÃm aPnkvt{S«v :

       {Inan\Â s{]mknPnbÀ tImUnse sk£³ 20 (1) {]Imcw \nbanX\mIp¶ aPnkvt{S«mWv PnÃm aPnkvt{S«v. PnÃm IeIvSsdbmWv PnÃm aPnkvt{S«mbn \nban¡p¶Xv.. PnÃbnse AUojWÂ PnÃm aPnkvt{S«v HgnsIbpff aäv FÃm FIvknIyq«ohv aPnkvt{S«pamcpsSbpw ta[mhn PnÃm aPnkvt{S«mbncn¡pw.

Prepared by : Lalith Babu